GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



181 



the first months of growth a few herbaceous branches on this 

 heel to draw up the sap ; they should be pinched down to 

 three buds, and when the graft has grown strong enough 

 they may be suppressed altogether. The varieties of Acer 

 palmatum from Japan should be grafted by cleft -grafting 

 or veneered on the type (Acer polymorphum), which is multi- 

 plied by layers. The operation should be performed under 

 glass and the air excluded. 



Gleditschia. 



Stock. — Gleditschia americana (from seed). Mode of 

 Grafting. — Crown-grafting (in April) ; close to the ground or 

 as standards. 



Remarks. — Select for scions branches whose wood at the base 

 is two years old (see p. 79). The scion will consequently be a 

 portion of last year's wood in the upper part, and of the pre- 

 vious year's growth at the base. The point of junction of the 

 different year's growth should be about the middle of the 

 scion. 



Ash. 



Stock. — Common ash (from seed). Mode of Grafting. — 

 Shield-budding (in July) ; cleft-grafting ; the English method 

 in March and April) ; close to the ground or as standards. 



Remarks. — Eeject the buds at the base of the branches ; 

 they do not develop readily. After budding, the tops of the 

 scion-shoots may be utilised by side-grafting them under the 

 bark (see p. 68). When the graft begins to sprout, the stock 

 should be closely disbudded, but a few leafy shoots should be 

 retained here and there to draw and keep up the flow of the sap. 

 Euonymus. 



Stock. — Euonymus europaeus (from seed) for the deciduous 

 varieties ; Euonymus japonicus (from cuttings) for the ever- 

 green kinds. Mode of Grafting. — Side branch-grafting ; 



