184 



THE ART OF 



Bernards.— The scions inserted under the bark (see p. 68) are 

 simple branches of the present year, or better, ramified branches 

 two years old. The sloping cut should be very thin towards the 

 point, as far as the inner bark. The young wood of the stock 

 is better for grafting than that portion which is old ; and, 

 moreover, the operation should be performed sufficiently early 

 in the season to secure a good flow of sap. Grafting in the fork- 

 ings of the branches is described at page 107. Shield-budding 

 in July sometimes succeeds with the beech, and, better still, 

 grafting by approach in spring. 



Holly. 



Stock. — Common Holly (from seed). Mode of Grafting. — 

 Shield-budding (in May and August) ; oblique side cleft - 

 grafting (see p. 74) ; veneering (in April and September) ; close 

 to the ground, or as standards. 



Remarks. — Shield-budding is performed in the open air with 

 a pushing bud in May, with a dormant bud in August. The 

 leaf which accompanies the bud is cut down on its stalk. 

 Autumn grafts are made under a cloche, in the greenhouse, or 

 under a cool frame. The leaves are left on the scion, and the 

 air should be excluded from the grafted stock for about three 

 months, to secure the success of the "graft. The operation 

 succeeds perfectly well when the stock is potted at the time of 

 grafting. 



Yew— Cephalotaxus— Torreya. 



Stock. — Tew, Cephalotaxus, Torreya, according to the species 

 to be propagated (from seed or cuttings). Mode of Grafting. 

 — Veneering (in February and September, under glass) ; close 

 to the ground. 



Remarks. — Stocks may be formed by planting cuttings of 

 branches, and these are afterwards to be grafted with young 

 shoots which spring from the amputated head of the parent 



