GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



187 



Magnolia. 



Stock. — ^lagnolia discolor (from seed and layers) for the 

 deciduous kinds ; aVTagnolia grandiflora (from seed and some- 

 times from layers) for the evergreen kinds. Mode of Grafting. 

 — Veneering ; side-cleft-grafting in the alburnum ; inlaying 

 on the neck of the root (from July to September, see page 127) ; 

 by approach (in April and July) ; close to the ground or as 

 standards. 



Remarks. — Side-cleft -grafting with a branch which pene- 

 trates to the alburnum, at the neck of a stock not headed 

 down, is practised in July and August. The subject grafted 

 being placed under a double-lighted frame, the union of the 

 graft will be complete in a month. Subjects veneer-grafted 

 should be treated in the same way. If grafted later in the 

 season they will require to remain a longer time under glass. 

 Grafting by approach, in which the union is more tedious, is 

 used with vigorous subjects. The severing of the parts 

 should not commence until the following spring, and should 

 be accomplished by several consecutive cuttings before the 

 winter. 



Horse-Chestnut— Pavia. 



Stock. — Horse-chestnut (from seed). Mode of Grafting-. — 

 Shield-budding with a cross-like incision (in July, see p. 142) ; 

 cleft-grafting (in March) ; flute -grafting ; crown-grafting (in 

 April) ; close to the ground or as standards. 



Remarks. — All these modes of grafting should be performed 

 early in the season. Reject the buds at the base of the 

 scion-branches. The tops of the shoots with a terminal bud 

 are suitable for crown-grafting. Tie up the young graft - 

 shoots firmly against the heel and the prop or stake, otherwise 

 their own weight or the force of the wind may break them 

 off. In grafting the Pavia, choose scions more vigorous 

 relatively than the stocks. Accelerate the growth of stocka 



