190 



THE AUT 0? 



terminal bud (see p. 101) ; oblique cleft-grafting (in March 

 and April) ; by approach (from April to July) ; close to the 

 ground, or as standards. 



Remarks. — The scion should be cut as much as possible 

 obliquely across the pith, so that it may be exposed on one side 

 only of the cutting (see p. 98). A scion, whose base consists of 

 wood of two years' growth will be found to answer well, and 

 also one furnished with a terminal bud. A stock grafted near 

 the ground should always have the soil heaped up around it 

 as far as the uppermost bud of the scion. Grafting by ap- 

 proach is more suited for fancy varieties of the walnut than 

 for trees which are required to furnish serviceable wood- 

 jSTever graft early-growing kinds on those of later vegetation. 

 The varieties of American walnut may be grafted on their 

 type. We have succeeded in cleft-grafting, in the forkings of 

 the branches, the European walnut on the American as tall 

 standards. In this way we may derive a twofold profit from 

 the timber of the stem and the fruit produced by the graft. 



Olive-tree. 



Stock. — Common olive (from seed). Mode of Grafting. — 

 Cleft-grafting (in February and March) ; crown-grafting (in 

 March and April) ; shield-budding (from May to September); 

 close to the ground, or as standards. 



Remarks. — In the south of Trance young wild olive-trees 

 are shield-budded on their lateral branches ; old trees are 

 crown-grafted close to the ground, and the soil heaped up 

 around the graft. M. F. Sahut, cultivator, of Montpellier, 

 recommends veneer shield-budding with strips of bark for the 

 restoration of old olive-trees. In this process the chances of 

 success are multiplied if an annular incision is made above 

 the bucL 



