294 



other vegefaWe's^ from the regular seedsmen ; as the seed 

 farmers have opportunities of keeping the sorts distinct^ 

 which cannot be within the precincts of a walled garden.'^ 

 — Loudon. 



Use. — The common culinary uses of the turnipj- 

 boiled, mashed, &c., are too well known to need any notice 

 We shall mention some uses not so common. 



For feeding horses. — These, when fed on turnips, ari 

 induced to eat the barn-chaff, and other dry faod, with 

 good appetite — are kept healthy, and will work without 

 corn. 



" For feeding cows. — To make sweet and well tasted but- 

 ter from the milk of cows fed on turnips, let the milk -es 

 sels be kept constantly clean and well scalded with boiluig 

 water, before using. When the milk is brought into the 

 dairy, to every eight quarts mix one quart of boiling waiet^ 

 then put up the milk into the bowl to stand for cream. 



" As a substitute for bread. — When the dearness of all sorts 

 of corn occasioned many poor people in Essex [England] 

 to make bread of turnips, they took the peeled roots, and 

 boiled them in water till they were soft ; then, strongly 

 pressing out their juices, they mixed them with their weight 

 of wheat-meal ; and adding salt, yeast, and warm water, 

 they kneaded it up as other paste ; which, having lain a 

 little while to ferment, they ordered and baked as common 

 bread." — Gleanings in Husbandry. 



VINE. — Vitis. — Many gentlemen in this neighbour- 

 hood have given considerable attention to the cultivation 

 of grapes in the open air upon open trellises, and some 

 have succeeded remarkably well, although they have had 

 to contend with the many difficulties which that delicate 

 and delicious fruit is subject to in this climate. 



Having given some personal attention to this fruit for 

 several years, I am satisfied that it can be raised in great 

 perfection, and ^vith little trouble to the cultivator, if he set 

 out right in the first instance, and follow up the system 

 prescribed with attention and oare. 



Although most men, who have any knowledge in horti- 

 culture, know more or l^ss respecting the mode of cultivat- 

 ing this plant, yet there are many new beginners, who 

 may collect some hints from these notes, which may aid 

 them in the outset ; and many gentlemen, who have been 

 long in the habit of raising grapes in their gardens, may ob- 

 tain some information as to the means of preserving the 

 plants from the destructive insect which has of years 



