1813-36.] EARLY EXPERIMENTAL CULTURE. 



25 



nevelly Cotton " continued to be quoted in the Liver- 

 pool market as the best in India ; and it was actually 

 sold at higher prices than the American short stapled 

 Cottons, and three-pence per lb. above the best Surats. 



Mr. Metcalfe, an American Cotton Cleaner, sent to 

 the Presidency, 1813 : efforts of the Madras Govern- 

 ment, 1819— 1836.— Meantime the Court 

 of Directors were anxious to extend the 

 cultivation of Cotton, and to improve the 

 condition of the wool. Accordingly, in 

 1813, they sent out Mr. Bernard Metcalfe, 

 a Cotton Cleaner from Georgia and New 

 Orleans, to experimentalize with some American saw 

 gins in the Cotton growing districts of Tinneveliy, 

 Bellary, and Cuddapah. But the attempt 

 failed, as the Natives refused to give up 

 their time-honoured churka, for such ex- 

 pensive and new-fangled machinery as the 

 gin. About the same time, the Com- 

 mercial Eesidents in the service of the 

 Company appear to have interested them- 

 selves in the Cotton question ; for it will 

 be remembered that in those days the Company was 

 a mercantile body as well as a political power. In 

 1819, Mr. Eunclall, the Commercial Resi- 

 dent in Bellary and Cuddapah, drew up 

 a Memorial upon Cotton cultivation, in 

 which he urged the introduction of Cot- 

 ton from Bourbon, Brazil, and New Or- 

 leans. Accordingly, the Madras Govern- 

 ment established four Cotton Farms of four hundred 

 acres each : viz. — two in Tinneveliy and Coimbatore in 

 Southern India ; and two in Masulipatam # and Yiza- 

 gapatam in the Northern Circars. Each Farm was 

 placed under the direction of the Commercial Resi- 

 dent of the district. Of these the Farm at Yizagapa- 

 tam proved the most successful ; for there the Com- 

 mercial Resident, Mr. Heath, had largely profited by 

 the instructions which he had received from Mr. 



Despatch 

 from Court 

 of Directors, 

 7tnMay,1813. 

 Cotto Re- 

 ports (1836), 

 p. 50. 



Letter from 

 Bombay 

 Govt, to 

 Court of 

 Directors, 

 18 ih Dec, 

 1816. 



Cotton Re- 

 ports (183B), 

 p. 61. 



Letters from 

 Madi as 

 Board Trade, 

 27ta Mav, 

 1819. Cot- 

 ton Reports 

 (1836), p. 87. 



Xow included in the Godaveri district. See para. 9. 



