1697 — 1860.] IMPORT OF COTTON WOOL. 



23 



the four Seasons of the Experimental Farms : necessity for a rotation of 

 ! Crops. — (67.) Causes of the success of Mr. Wroughton's Cotton experi- 

 ment. — (68.) First, Influence of both monsoons. — (69.) Second, Early- 

 preparation and sowing. — (70.) Drought and Grate the only dangers to be 

 avoided. — (71.) Question of manure. — (72.) Three advantages possessed 

 | by India over America in the cultivation of American Cotton. — (73.) Re- 

 j munerative demand alone required in India. — (74.) Cost of cultivation. — 

 (75.) Further proceedings of the Fourth Season, 1844-45. — (76.) Mr. Simp- 

 son's Eeport on the districts of North Canara, bordering on Dharwar. — (77.) 

 j Soondah : unfavourable from the presence of "Kunkur." — (78.) Soopah : 

 soil favourable but climate unfavourable. — (79.) Mr. Simpson's opinion on 

 the failure of the Coimbatore Farms to extend the culture of American 

 |; Cotton. — (80.) Recommends the appointment of a practical person to dis- 

 L tribute seed and exhibit the gins. — (81.) Mr. Simpson's suggestions ap- 

 proved: his transfer to the Bombay Presidency. — (82.) Dr. Wight's an- 

 swers to the queries of the Marquis of Tweeddale. — (83.) Superiority of 

 the American Cotton to the Indian. — (84.) Extension of the improved 

 methods of cultivation among the Ryots. — (85.) Reluctance of the Ryots 

 to adopt the saw gin. 



Stoppage of demand for Indian muslins and calicoes, 31 

 but growing demand for Cotton wool. — During the 

 latter part of the last century, the conflict between 

 ! the East India Company and the Native powers, was 

 equalled by the rivalry between the Cotton manufac- 

 I turers of Great Britain and the Native weavers of 

 . India. The result in both cases was the same. Whilst 

 the Native princes were yielding to the superior 

 prowess of the British arms, the Native weavers were 

 conquered by the Spinning Jenny and Power Loom. 

 The Arkwright machinery indeed seemed to defy all 

 1 opposition. As early as 1793, British muslins were 

 j equal in appearance to those of India, whilst the pat- 

 | terns were far more elegant, and the cost was less 

 than one-third. But at the same time, $ elecJt Com 

 that demand for the raw wool had sprung miiteeoftho 

 1 up, which in the present day has reached ^^tors 

 such enormous limits. In 1697 the yearly quoted by 

 import of Cotton wool into Great Britain, Royle * 

 was only 2 millions of pounds. In 1775 it reached 8 

 millions, and within ten years the improved machinery 

 had raised the import to 20 millions. But the present 

 century has perhaps witnessed the most extraordinary 

 increase. In 1800 the yearly import was nearly 60 

 millions ; in 1820 it was 150 millions ; in 1840 it was 



