CONTENTS. 



the south-west monsoon, sowing in May, 64 ; 3rd, Intermediate re- 

 gions under both the north-east and south-west monsoons, 65 ; Cot- 

 ton cultivation under both monsoons, sowing in July, 65 ; Large ex- 

 periment in early sowing throughout the Cotton Districts in the 

 Madras Presidency, 66 ; First Result : India not too hot, but too 

 cold, 66 ; Theory confirmed by a comparison of the temperature of 

 Madras with that of Vera Cruz, Mobile, and Natchez, 67 ; Rising 

 temperature in America, but diminishing temperature in India 

 during the growing season, 68 ; Second Result : Carnatic not too 

 dry, confirmed by a comparison of mean rain fall, 68 ; Two methods 

 of cultivating American Cotton in India : adaptation of seasons, 

 and artificial irrigation, 69 ; Experiments in irrigation, securing a 

 rising temperature to the growing plant, 70 ; Eive practical sug- 

 gestions, 70 ; 1st, Choice of soil, 71 ; 2nd, Preparation of the land 

 for the seed, 71 ; 3rd, Ploughing and hoeing during the growing 

 season, 71 ; 4th, Distance between the rows, 72 ; 5th, Treatment 

 of the plant as an annual and rotation of crops, 72 ; Profitable culti- 

 vation of American Cotton throughout the Peninsula, 72. 



Plans for extending the American Cotton Culture amongst the Ryots, 

 1845-49, 73 ; Court of Directors order 6000 bales of East India'Cot- 

 ton, 1845, 73 ; Proposition for reducingthe assessment of lands under 

 American Cotton cultivation, 74; Marquis of Tweeddale in favour of 

 the remission, 75 ; Court of Directors decide against the remission, 

 75 ; Eailure of the purchase system as regarded American Cotton, 18 48, 

 7 6 ; Contemplated establishment of a number of small Earms, 77. 



CHAPTER IV. 



FOUR YEARS OF EXPERIMENTAL CULTURE UNDER, MR. EINNIE IN 

 TINNEVELLY, 1845 TO 1849. 



Labours of Mr. Einnie and Dr. "Wight compared, 80 ; Eirst season, 

 1845-46 : Mr. Einnie's first impressions of Tinnevelly, 81 ; Sug- 

 gestion, that by acting as a Cotton Agent, he could induce the Ryots 

 to adopt the new culture, 82 ; An Agency would also increase the 

 profits of both Ryots and Merchants, and double the exports, 82 ; 

 Nothing however would induce the Ryots to adopt the American 

 saw gin, 83 ; The thresher recommended, 84 ; Three points in the 

 career of Mr. Einnie : the New Orleans Cotton, the Agency, and 

 the saw gin, 85 ; Cultivation of Cotton : tour to Courtallum under 

 both monsoons, June, 1846, 85 ; Necessity for co-operation of the 

 Natives : employment of hired labour by the European always a 

 loss, 85 ; Eirst intercourse with the Ryots : allays fears and sus- 

 picions, 86; Explains the improved method of culture to the 

 Ryots, 86 ; Mr Einnie's tour from Courtallum to Coimbatore, J uly, 



