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DIVISION n.— PHiENOGAMS. 



FLOWERING plants with vascular structure com- 

 plete. Organs of reproduction (stamens and pistils) 

 evident, generating an embryo within an ovule, which 

 becomes a seed, the embryo being furnished with one, 

 two, or rarely more cotyledons. 



This grand division includes all plants furnished with 

 stamens and pistils, which with their vascular structure 

 distinguishes them from Cryptogams. The first, or pri- 

 mary divisions, are characterized by their cotyledons, 

 the mode by which their stems increase in diameter, and 

 in the leaves having free, or netted veins, which with 

 few exceptions to these characters, admits of classify^ 

 ing the whole of the flowering plants under Exogens 

 and Endogens. 



The principal exceptions to parts of the above cha- 

 racters are the Yam and Sarsaparilla families, agreeing 

 with Endogens in their monocotyledonous embryo, and 

 with Exogens in their stems having a woody axis, true 

 bark, and net-veined leaves. This difference induced 

 Dr. Lindley to consider them as a distinct class, which 

 he called Dictyoge^s, but this view is not adopted by al 

 botanists. In Exogens they may be viewed as related 

 to the Moon-seed family, and in Endogens to the 

 Asparagus section of the Lily family, where I have 

 placed them in this work. 



