GRAPE. 215 



Tisese principals ever remain in the same place ; and 

 are so treated as to put forth lateral shoots, alternating" 

 with each other, right and left, at about twelve-inch 

 distances, along the whole length from bottom to 

 top of the wall or rafter. These laterals bear the 

 fruit, which, as soon as they have shown, are stopped 

 at the joint next beyond the uppermost bunch. This 

 stopping is performed with the finger and thumb as 

 soon as the bunches have fairly appeared. By this 

 stopping, the whole strength of the tree is thrown 

 into the fruit, which consequently arrives at great 

 weight and perfection. When the crop is gathered, 

 and when the leaves have fallen, these laterals are 

 cut back to one or two buds, which in the same way, 

 and with similar treatment, produce the crop of the 

 next season, and so on for as long as the branches 

 are fruitful, and the spurs do not get inconveniently 

 long; and, when this happens, the branches are 

 wholly cut away, to be succeeded by young ones 

 trained up in their place. 



The third plan of pruning and training is the up- 

 right, and which is the best suited for open walls of 

 considerable length. Such will require a number of 

 plants, put in at four or five feet distances, the side 

 shoots from which, will very soon fill up the inter- 

 mediate vacant spaces. From the trees, the whole 

 face of the wall is in a few years covered with 

 branches, but of three different lengths. The oldest 

 branch has reached the top of the wall, and bears its 

 fruit on the upper third of its length. This branch 

 at pruning time is entirely cut out to make room for 



