PEAR. 



295 



always in the greatest jeopardy ; and those on walls 

 blowing first should always be matted up when frost 

 threatens. 



In the summer management of wall and espalier 

 pear trees, the common practice is to cut clean away 

 all the young shoots, except the leaders, and any one 

 farther back where a vacancy requires to be filled 

 up. But this is not judicious treatment; because it 

 is only exciting the tree to reproduce another birth 

 of similar shoots to be again cut away. Either no 

 such summer shoots should be allowed to come forth 

 at all, by early disbudding, or stopping, or twisting the 

 points when they are about five or six inches long. 

 This may induce some of the buds at the base to be 

 formed into flower buds, down to which they may be 

 shortened at the winter pruning. 



Riders on walls, or standards in the orchard or 

 garden, come sooner into bearing than dwarfs. And 

 the reason is, the length of stem impedes the too 

 rapid flow of sap into the branches, and thus renders 

 them sooner fruitful. 



Several new sorts have been lately introduced from 

 the continent ; some of them require to be planted 

 against walls ; though none are better than our own old 

 sorts, and which certainly should not be displaced by 

 the new. This is the opinion of Mr. Charlwood of 

 Covent Garden, than whom there is no better judge 

 in Europe. 



The descriptions of Miller are mostly taken from 

 Tonrnefort, Merlet, and Duhamel ; and these de- 



