42 



TRAINING. 



the time of tlie third pruning, the young stem has generally attained 

 two-thirds of its entire length ; it must then be inclined to an angle of 45°." 



The same pruning of side branches and terminal shoot must be per- 

 formed as last year, and continued from year to year until the desired 

 height for covering the wall or trellis is attained ; afterwards it must be 

 yearly cut back about two feet, for the purpose of allowing a vigorous 

 shoot to grow from the end, and thus keep up a healthy circulation. 



Espalier or lateral cordon training is adapted to the borders of walks 

 in gardens, and is suited more to the Apple worked on the Paradise 

 stock than any other variety of tree. It is termed double or single 

 arm cordon, as the trees have arms trained one or both ways. Fig. 23 

 shows at a a young maiden tree pruned for planting, while h shows the 

 same with its Jimbs tied down to a wire, which is upheld by stakes about 

 one foot above the ground, and secured firmly at each end of the line. 



Fig. 24 shows the plants after being two or three years trained in 

 single cordon — the terminal shoot of each tree being united by inarching 

 at the junction with the stem and branch. 



The following account of fan-training and horizontal training is so 

 concisely abridged from the practice of the best English gardens, in the 

 Suburban Horticulturist," that we cannot do better than to place it 

 before the reader. 



Fan-trainiyig in the common English manner. A maiden plant (a 

 tree but one year from the graft) being planted, " is to be headed down 

 to four buds or eyes, placed in such a manner as 

 to throw out two shoots on each side, as shown 

 in Fig. 25. The following season the two upper- 

 most shoots are to be headed down to three eyes, 

 placed in such a manner as to throw out one 

 leading shoot and one shoot on each side ; the 

 two lowermost shoots are to be headed down to 

 two eyes, so as to throw out one leading 

 shoot and one shoot on the uppermost 

 side, as shown in Fig. 26. We have now 

 five leading shoots on each side, well 

 placed, to form our future tree. Each of 

 these shoots must be placed in the exact 

 position in which it is to remain ; and as 

 it is these shoots which are to form the 

 future tree, none of them are to be short- 

 ened. The tree should by no nieans be 

 suffered to bear any fruit this year, 

 allowed to produce, besides the leading shoot at its extremity, two other 

 shoots on the uppermost side, one near to the bottom and one about mid- 



Fan-training, first stage. 



Fan-training, second stage. 



Each shoot must now 



be 



