8 



GENERAL PRINCIPLE3. 



of an Tipriglit and compact form. Curved erect lyranches 

 (fig. 4), proceeding almost horizontally from tlie stem for 

 short distance, and then becoming erect ; these, also, 



Fig. 8. Fig. 4. Fio. «. 



Vi§s. 3, 4, 6, different habits of growth of trees. 3, erect ; 4, ctinred erect ; ^ 

 spreading or horizontal. 



form upright symmetrical heads, but much more open than 

 the preceding. Also, Twrizontal or Reading hfcmcJiea 

 (fig. 5), that foiTQ wide-spreading heads with irregular 

 outline. And, lastly, drooping hromches^ when they fall 

 below the horizontal line. The branches of most varie- 

 ties of apples and pears become pendulous when they 

 have borne some time ; and even in young trees of par- 

 ticular varieties, some of the branches assume a drooping 

 and irregular habit. 



2d. Secondary BrmicTies {G, fig. 1), are the divisions 

 of the main branches : occasionally those near the stem 

 take such a prominent part in forming the outline of the 

 tree, as to assume all the character of main branches, ex 

 cepting in position. 



3d. Shoots (JT; fig. 1). This is the name by 



