93 



part of the stem, attracting an iindue proportion of tlie 

 sap, thus contracting the growth of all other parts, and 

 giving the joung tree a deformed character. All such 



Fig. 83 (A). Fig. 83 (B). 



Ft(, A t'>a^ of a young tree ; S, the leader ; a, a, vigorous shoots below 

 it, thav ^u&'iit tj iiavri been pinched. Fig, 83, B, a branch of the pear, twice cut 

 back wittt tne }aier&i shoots piuctsd; a, a, the first section ; c, c, c, the second; 

 b, and d, d, shoots pinched close to lu?cj the leader, and those below thorn. 



shoots as these should be nipped early, the moment their 

 character is apparent, and thus a year's growth nearly 

 will be saved to the tree, and its proper form and propor- 

 tions be preserved. In conducting young trees for pyra- 

 mids, the constant and careful application of pinching is 



