INDEX. 



397 



pyramids, management of, 140, 207 ; renovation of, 271. 



Qumce, tne, as a stock for the pear, 113; erroneous ideas concerning, 114; 

 as a dwarf and pyramid, 194 ; pruning and training of, 222 ; fire blight 

 of, 361. 



Quinces, abridgea descriptions of seven select varieties of, 319, 320. 

 Rake, the, 381. 



Raspberries, forms of, 43 ; method of propagating, 148 ; abridged descriptions 



of six select varieties of, 343, 344. 

 Raspberry, the, planting of, 267 ; pruning, 268 ; manuring and training, 269 ; 



French and English modes of training, 269, 270. 

 Root, the, the several parts of, 2; grovi^th of, 3; whip-grafting on, 78; 



pruning, 87, 90 ; metnod of planting root-grafts, 131. 

 Rosebug, the, 374. 



Sandy soils, nature of, 48. 



Sap, the, ascent, assimilatiori, and descent o^ 24 ; tendency of, to the grow- 

 ing points at the top of a tree, 85. 

 Sap- wood, the, 5. 



Saw, the jaruning, 381 ; the bow, 382. 



Scions, selection and treatment of, for grafting, 76. 



Scissors, grape, 383. 



Seed, the, composition of, 44 ; germination of, 45 ; propagation by, 60 ; 

 selection of, 61. 



Seedling apple, the common or free stock, preparing, saving, and planting 



the seed of, 108; after management of, 109; the pear seedling. 111. 

 Shears, hand pruning and pole pruning, 383. 

 Shovel, the, 379. 



Sloe, the, as a stock for the plum, 121. * 



Soils, different kinds of, 48 ; different modes of improving, 50 ; proper, for 



the orchard, 161 ; annual cultivation of the soil, 272. 

 Spade, the, 378 ; the forked spade, 379. 

 Spongioles, the, 3. 

 Staking, process of, 176. 

 Stamens, the, 28. 



Standards, management of, 137 ; dwarf, management of, 140. 



Stem, the, the different parts of, 4 ; structure and growth of, 6 ; the branches 



divisions of, 7 ; pruning, 88. 

 Stigma, the, '29. 



Stocks, necessity of a close alliance between, and grafts, 76 ; description and 

 propagation of, 1 08 ; for the apple, id. ; for the pear, 111; for the cherry, 

 115 ; for the peach. 117 ; for the apricot, nectarine, and plum, 119 ; trans- 

 planting, 122; time and manner of taking up, 124; pruning stocks, 125; 



