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VEGETABLE INSECTS 



black leaf, a tobacco extract, and soap. That forms one of 

 the best combinations that I know anything about. That was 

 before the Black Leaf 40, the stronger tobacco extract, came 

 on the market. Now, I should use the Black Leaf 40 at the 

 rate of three-quarters pint or a pint to one hundred gallons, 

 adding to that three or four pounds of laundry soap. It cost 

 us two dollars and fifteen cents to spray an acre of the cab- 

 bage, counting the labor at a dollar and a half a day. We 

 did it thoroughly and spent more time probably than the or- 

 dinary grower would spend, and we did check the cabbage 

 aphis. I am almost convinced that the cabbage aphis can 

 be checked and controlled by spraying. I believe that one of 

 the best ways to spray cabbages is to spray them with a bar- 

 rel in a one-horse wagon, having two leads of hose and a 

 man at the end of each lead. There is no doubt that you can 

 reach a cabbage plant better if you hold the nozzle in your 

 hand than you can if that nozzle is set automatically. You 

 have to hit the aphid to kill it. You cannot put on a poison, 

 because the aphid is a sucking insect and will not get it. 



If cabbages are going to bring you but five dollars per ton, 

 then it is a question whether it will pay to spray or not; but 

 if the cabbages are going to bring fifteen or twenty dollars, 

 then in many cases it will pay to spray them, and you can 

 afford to spray them two or three times at two dollars an 

 acre. 



Regarding automatic sprays. If you are going to use 

 automatic or power sprays for spraying cabbages, then I 

 should say that the best arrangement would be to have two 

 nozzles to each row and point them towards each other, so 

 they will hit the sides of the rows as they go along. Then 

 if you can have a nozzle set to spray directly downward, you 

 can do fairly effective spraying for the aphis with that kind 

 of a machine. 



Mr. Russell: In my spraying I had just two nozzles and 

 had them at an angle of perhaps forty-five degrees. The 

 spray went between the leaves as they stand out and quite 

 thoroughly. Going over the field several times, I covered the 

 plants comparatively reasonably. I have used a sticker 



