The "Nearest" and the "Lower" Inch 



Another point on which procedure should be uniform is when diameters fall 

 between inches<» In such cases fractional inches should be rounded off to 

 the nearest inch above or below the actual diameter© Logs with a diameter 

 exactly halfway between inches should be placed in the lower inch class 

 With this system, logs with diameters from l6 o up to l6 c 5 inches would be 

 placed in the 16-inch class) logs with diameters over 16 5 and up to 17 9 

 would be placed in the 17-inch class. 



It is poor practice to neglect fractions and scale to the lower inch* 

 Some scalers do this, however , on the assumption that this makes an allow- 

 ance for hidden defect or 5 if logs are to be river-driven, for the wear 

 and tear they will receive in the stream «> Whether these are legitimate 

 deductions might well be questioned c Even so, the time to make legitimate 

 deductions is after the gross scale has been determined by measuring the 

 log*s diameter correctly Scaling to the lower inch is poor practice be- 

 cause it results in a gross scale which is intentionally lox^« 



De termination of Leng th 



Invariably logs are bucked a few inches longer than their nominal lengthy 

 the excess being the trimming allowances Ordinarily the trimming allow- 

 ance should not be scaled <> If the trimming allowance is excessive a 

 penalty scale may be invoked by the owner of the timber., but that is 

 another matter « 



Deductio ns for Defect 



If all logs were straight and sounds scaling xrould be simple,, This 

 happens seldom^ however <, hence deductions must be made for cull material. 

 In cubic-foot scaling, as in board-foot sealing,, deductions should be 

 made for defects- which render wood unfit for use« No deductions should 

 be made,, however P for knots,, burls,, spiral grain, coarse grain, small 

 pitch pocket s, light sap stain, and similar imperfections which may affect 

 the quality of the wood but not its quantity <> 



Quantitative defects can be roughly classified as follows: 



1 Interior' defects: internal decay, heart 

 shake, pitch ring, pitch seam, etc 



2 a Periphery defects? sap rot, season checks, 

 worm holes, cat face, roughness, etc c 



3» Crook defects: sweep or crook and crotch e 



4o Operating defects: breakage, end broom, 

 slab j, split j> etc « 



18= 



