ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PLATES. 



Page. 



Plate I. Harvesting Chemlaly olives in a dry-land orchard at Sfax_Frontispiece. 

 II. General view of the older dry-land olive orchards near Sfax 42 



III. A fruit-bearing twig of the Chemlaly olive 42 



IV. Fig. 1. Recently planted dry-land olive orchards near Sfax, show- 



ing the careful alignment and wide spacing of the trees. 

 Fig. 2. — The interior of a Sfax olive orchard, showing wide 

 planting, clean cultivation, and careful pruning 42 



Text Figures. 



Fig. 1. Map of Tunis, showing the probable extent of the dry-land ar- 

 boricultural region in ancient times and the area now occu- 

 pied by dry-land olive orchards 9 



2. An olive tree, probably several centuries old, growing without 



irrigation in Algeria 11 



3. Diagram showing construction of cisterns at Sfax 16 



4. Diagram showing method of planting olive truncheons at Sfax__ 23 



5. The " maacha," the tool used by the Arabs in exterminating 



Bermuda grass and other weeds 26 



6. Diagram illustrating a method of conducting surface water to 



the base of an olive tree 27 



7. Sketch showing the proper form to give in pruning a three-year- 



old olive tree 29 



8. The tree shown in figure 7 as pruned when four years old 29 



9. The tree shown in figures 7 and 8 as it appears when five years 



old 30 



10. Chart showing the rainfall and the production of olive oil at 



Sfax from 1895 to 1905 — 33 



125 



6 



