99 



Fifth — There- is a strong probability that wheat areas in India and South 

 America and in the Canadian provinces will be greatly extended, and the 

 demand upon the United States will gradually decrease and finally cease. 



Sixth — California must decrease her wheat area, and increase her popu- 

 lation, and thus increase the home market. The law governing surplus 

 manufactures must be applied to agricultural products. The home market 

 that has placed us first among the nations of the globe in manufactures 

 must be brought to bear in agriculture. We must not be obliged to haul 

 our products half way around the globe, past the doors of our most formid- 

 able competitors, in order to find a market. Of all the agricultural products 

 of the United States, including cotton and tobacco, only 10 per cent are 

 marketed abroad. Excluding cotton and tobacco, only 5 per cent, and yet 

 we in California must go abroad in search of a market for 70 per cent of 

 all our wheat. If we controlled the world's market in wheat, as the South 

 does in cotton, this disproportion would be to our advantage, but unhappily 

 this is not true, and in my belief the situation will not improve. I am pre- 

 pared to see Great Britian supplied from other sources within the next ten 

 years. 



Seventh — Lands no longer profitable for wheat growing should be turned 

 over to grasses and forage plants, or should be planted to fruits. 



FRUIT GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



I turn now to the case of the defendant. 



In what way will our fruit industries mend matters ? Shall we grow 

 more fruit and less wheat? What are our advantages over other States of 

 the Union, and what are these advantages intrinsically? I approach the 

 discussion without misgivings and with great confidence. 



The one thing above all others that gives preeminence to California as a 

 fruit-growing State is its climate, the economic value of which is only just 

 beginning to be realized. 



There is a difference of only eight or ten degrees between the mean 

 annual temperature of the coldest regions of Dakota and Minnesota, and 

 San Francisco, yet in Minnesota and Dakota wheat flourishes with a mini- 

 mum temperature of 60 or 70 degrees lower than we ever see it. It is the 

 minimum and maximum that must control. Let us cease talking about 

 mean annual temperature. The mean in San Francisco is 55 degrees; the 

 same as Washington City, where I have seen weeks of continuous zero 

 weather. The mean of New York City is 54 degrees, only one degree lower 

 than in San Francisco, and yet strong men froze to death there in the 

 streets last winter, and snow completely stopped the arteries of commerce 

 for nearly a week. 



In this hall I see ripe oranges from Tehama County, grown in sight of 

 the everlasting snows of Mount Shasta. The phenomenal cold of last winter 

 registering as low as 19 degrees above zero at the United States Signal 

 Station at Red Bluff, did not destroy our orange trees, for they send here 

 their defiance of the elements in the shape of ripe fruit from the same 

 branches that were covered with ice and snow for a short time last January. 

 It must not be forgotton that when we had 19 degrees above zero, a low 

 temperature seldom reached, Dakota, Minnesota, and other Western and 

 Northwestern States registered 40, and even 60 degrees below zero. Domes- 

 tic animals froze to death in their tracks. Children perished on their way 

 from school. Strong men died in the effort to reach their barns, and in 

 sight of their homes. Forest trees as well as fruit trees were burned to 

 death as by fire in this awful weather. It is not possible to overestimate 



