i 4 4 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



Description. — Length 163-192 mm. Sexes alike; undersurface white, 

 heavily spotted with black on breast and sides; top of head and hind- 

 neck tawny brown to russet, changing to cinnamon-brown and russet 

 on back and wings; rump and tail light olive; a distinct white ring 

 around eye; side of head dull black, lined narrowly with white; bill 

 black, with base of lower part yellowish buff; tarsus and toes flesh 

 color. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from North Carolina to Pennsylvania), 

 wing 102.4-109.6 (106.2), tail 62.5-72.4 (68.3), culmen from base 

 18.9-21.5 (20.2), tarsus 29.7-32.4 (30.9) mm. 



Females (10 from North Carolina to Pennsylvania), wing 102.0- 

 106.2 (105.0), tail 65.3-70.0 (67.5), culmen from base 19.1-21.4 

 (19.8), tarsus 28.4-32.0 (30.0) mm. 



Winter resident, found locally October to April, mainly from the 

 Canal Zone westward. Panama is at the southern end of this species' 

 winter range, which begins in Texas. There is one record for Co- 

 lombia, a male collected west of the Rio Atrato in extreme northwest- 

 ern Choco on December 6, 1975; the specimen is in the collection of 

 Inderena, Bogota (J. V. Rodriguez, Lozania, no. 31, April 30, 1980, 

 p. 8). In their winter home Wood Thrushes live in the undergrowth 

 on and above the forest floor in wooded areas where their presence 

 may be indicated by their sharp call notes, though the birds usually re- 

 main hidden. 



One banded October 8, 1963, at Magnolia Gardens, Charleston, 

 South Carolina, by T. A. Beckett was captured alive and released by 

 Galindo at Almirante, Bocas del Toro, October 26, 1963. Willis (Liv- 

 ing Bird, 1966, pp. 198-200) on Barro Colorado Island found them in 

 small numbers from October to April associated in feeding on and near 

 the ground with ant swarms. Galindo, in netting and banding opera- 

 tions at Almirante, in 1962 recorded them as arriving October 16. They 

 have been found with some regularity east to the Canal Zone, but only 

 casually beyond. I caught 1 in a mist net at the old Tacarcuna Village 

 site in Darien on March 10, 1964, and recorded 2 calling at Mandinga 

 in western San Bias, February 7, 1957. 



Ridgely has only once heard the Wood Thrush singing in Panama, 

 on March 20, 1979, at Nueva Suiza, Chiriqui. 



CATHARUS USTULATUS (Nuttall): Swainson's Thrush, 

 Zorzal de Swainson 



Medium size; upper surface olive-brown, undersurface white, with 

 olive-brown streaks on side of throat and spots on upper breast. 



