146 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



Females (10 from Alaska, Mackenzie, and Alberta), wing 93.2- 

 100.0 (97.1), tail 60.2-68.2 (62.3), culmen from base 13.5-16.7 (15.7), 

 tarsus 26.1-29.3 (27.4) mm. 



This race breeds in southern and eastern Alaska east to western 

 Mackenzie and south through the mountains to Colorado and northwest 

 Utah. The winter range is unclear, in large part, perhaps owing to the 

 difficulty of identifying specimens out of the breeding season. Russell 

 (A. O. U. Ornith. Mon. no. 1, 1964, p. 142) does not list this form for 

 British Honduras, and Monroe (A. O. U. Ornith. Mon. no. 7, 1968, 

 p. 307) considers it "too weakly differentiated to recognize taxonomic- 

 ally," so gives no information for Honduras. Dickey and van Rossem 

 (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., vol. 23, pub. 406, 1938, p. 457), 

 however, call it a "locally common spring migrant" in El Salvador. 

 C. u. almae is not mentioned by Slud (Bull. Amer. Mus. Hist., vol. 128, 

 1964, p. 299) as occurring in Costa Rica, although Bond (Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Mus., vol. 114, no. 3471, 1963, p. 380) lists 1 collected at Bonilla, 

 Costa Rica, April 13, 1908. Miller (Univ. Calif. Pub. in Zool., vol. 66, 

 no. 1, 1962, p. 42) collected 1 he believed was C. u. almae in the western 

 Andes of Colombia at latitude 3.5 °N on December 26, 1958. 



Nine specimens from Panama in the Smithsonian collection have 

 been identified as C. u. almae. One of these was collected in winter, on 

 January 20, 1965, at Isla Cebaco, Veraguas; others were taken be- 

 tween March 7 and April 6: in Darien at Tacarcuna Village (March 7, 

 1964) and Jaque (April 6, 1946), at Cerro Chame, Province of Pan- 

 ama (March 27, 1955), El Barrero, Herrera (March 22, 1948), and 

 Isla Brincanco (March 23, 1962) and El Volcan (March 27, 1954), 

 Chiriqui. 



CATHARUS USTULATUS USTULATUS (Nuttall) 



Turdus ustulatus Nuttall, 1840, Man. Orn. U.S. and Canada, ed. 2, pp. vi, 400, 830. 

 (forests of the Oregon — Fort Vancouver, Washington.) 



Characters. — Upper surface sepia brown, brightest on rump; more 

 rufescent in autumn. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from British Columbia and Washing- 

 ton), wing 95.6-102.0 (99.4), tail 66.1-74.6 (71.3), culmen from base 

 15.8-17.8 (17.2), tarsus 27.9-31.6 (29.0) mm. 



Females (10 from British Columbia and Washington), wing 92.7- 

 98.6 (95.4), tail 65.1-70.8 (67.7), culmen from base 16.5-18.3 (17.1), 

 tarsus 27.7-31.4 (29.1) mm. 



This race breeds in southeastern coastal Alaska from Juneau south, 

 coastal British Columbia, and west of the Cascade Mountains in Wash- 



