194 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



gray, tipped lemon yellow; wing coverts olive-brown; primaries and 

 secondaries blackish, with edge of outer web of all but outermost pri- 

 mary edged gray and secondaries sometimes with waxy scarlet tips; 

 upper throat black, fading to olive-brown, which continues to belly; 

 belly pale greenish yellow; thighs gray; undertail coverts whitish; un- 

 derwing coverts white. 



Immature, like adult but black only from maxilla to front of eye; 

 crest and scarlet tips on secondaries usually lacking; undersurface 

 broadly streaked olive-brown and creamy white. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from eastern North America, taken in 

 May), wing 90.0-96.2 (92.7), tail 50.6-58.3 (54.5), culmen from base 

 9.3-11.7 (10.4), tarsus 15.9-18.5 (17.1) mm 



Females (10 from eastern North America, taken in May), wing 

 89.5-94.5 (92.6), tail 48.9-57.7 (54.3), culmen from base 9.5-10.7 

 (10.1), tarsus 15.2-18.7 (17.0) mm. 



Migrant. A rare and irregular visitant, recorded some years from 

 January to March from the western border east to the Canal Zone and 

 the Pearl Islands. This species breeds in Canada and northern United 

 States and winters irregularly south to the West Indies, and Middle 

 America, casually to Colombia and Venezuela. Salvin and Godman 

 (Biol. Centr.-Am., vol. 1, 1904, p. 216) said that at that time the south- 

 ernmost occurrence of the species was in British Honduras, but Salva- 

 dori and Festa (Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 14, 

 no. 339, 1899, p. 3) cite a specimen from Chiriqui collected by Arce. 

 More recent Chiriqui records are those of Monniche (Blake, Fieldiana: 

 Zool, vol. 36, no. 5, 1958, p. 552), who collected 5 at Quiel and Lerida 

 (1560-1590 m) March 19-21, 1933, and of Frank Hartman, who col- 

 lected a female February 13, 1953, at 1260 m on Volcan de Chiriqui. 

 In the Canal Zone, Scholes and Scholes (Condor, 1954, p. 167) ob- 

 served Cedar Waxwings five times at localities on the Pacific slope of 

 central Panama in or near the Canal Zone from January 14 to March 

 4, 1951, 1 near Farfan Beach, several near Chorrera, an unspecified 

 number in Ancon, and a flock of about 15 near Camp Empire. My 

 own encounters with waxwings have been in the lowlands — on the 

 Caribbean side at Almirante, Bocas del Toro, where on February 24, 

 1958, I found a flock of 40 or 50 gathered in two tall trees, and on the 

 Pacific side at Puerto Armuelles, Chiriqui, where on February 21 and 

 26, 1966, I saw a dozen perched in a tall tree at the edge of a mangrove 

 swamp. On San Jose Island in the Pearl Islands I saw a flock of 25 

 flying north over the large open area near East Bay on February 29, 

 1944. 



