248 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



Rica Black-and-white Warblers maintain territories during the win- 

 ter and may sing while driving away intruders. In Panama an in- 

 dividual banded by H. Loftin September 7, 1963, at Almirante, Bocas 

 del Toro was recaptured there on October 7, 1963, and January 8, 1964. 

 One collected by Strauch (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1977, p. 64) weighed 

 10.3 g. 



PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert): Prothonotary Warbler, 

 Reinita Protonotaria 



Motacilla citrea Boddaert, Tabl. Planch, enlum., 1783, p. 44. (Louisiana.) 



Small; bright orange-yellow with gray wings and tail. 



Description. — Length 111-125 mm. Adult male, head, nape, and en- 

 tire undersurface except undertail coverts bright orange-yellow; back 

 yellowish olive-green, changing to bluish gray on rump and upper tail 

 coverts; scapulars yellowish olive-green; wing coverts bluish gray; 

 alula black with outer web broadly edged white; remiges black with 

 outer web edged bluish gray and inner web edged white; rectrices gray 

 with white patch on inner web of all but central pair; undertail coverts 

 white; edge of wing yellow; underwing coverts white. 



Adult female, like male, but crown and hindneck as well as upper 

 back yellowish olive-green; yellow on undersurface less orange. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Panama), wing 67.1-73.8 (70.8), 

 tail 39.6-50.8 (45.9), culmen from base 13.1-14.7 (13.8), tarsus 15.6- 

 18.6 (17.3) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama), wing 64.0-70.1 (67.0), tail 42.3-51.1 

 (45.0), culmen from base 12.9-15.3 (13.8), tarsus 14.6-18.7 (17.5) 

 mm. 



Migrant and winter visitor from the north. It winters from southern 

 Mexico to northern Colombia and Venezuela, and casually to Ecuador, 

 the Guianas, and West Indies. Found throughout the Tropical Zone in 

 wet localities, common in the lowlands in mangrove swamps and in 

 thickets along streams, mainly those of larger size, but when in mi- 

 gration these warblers may appear along the smaller tributaries in the 

 mountain foothills to at least 300 m (Quebrada Cauchero, Serrania de 

 Maje, Province of Panama, March 6, 1950). Most arrive from the 

 north in September — the earliest report is August 1 (Eisenmann, 

 Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 117, no. 5, 1952, p. 50) — and are present until 

 the middle of March, a few remaining later. Ridgely has found it as 

 late as March 20, in 1979 at El Volcan, Chiriqui. The Prothonotary 

 Warbler has been found on ] sla Coiba, Taboga, Taboguilla, and Urava, 

 and on San Jose, Key, and Pacheca Islands in the Perlas group. 



