FAMILY PARULIDAE 



295 



and Chiriqui and perhaps not found annually any farther east. The 

 most easterly locations in Panama from which it has been reported is 

 the El Real, Darien airstrip, where Ridgely saw 2 females on March 5, 

 1981, and at Mandinga, San Bias, where 1 saw at least 2 in January and 

 February of 1957. It usually forages near the ground, sometimes oc- 

 curring with native yellowthroats. This species has been taken in 

 Panama from October 15, when in 1967 a female was collected by the 

 Gorgas Memorial Laboratory at Almirante, Bocas del Toro, to April 

 24, when in 1963 R. Hinds collected a male at Almirante. Ridgely ob- 

 served a male and a female at Tocumen marsh, eastern Province of 

 Panama on April 29, 1976. Most Common Yellowthroats winter far- 

 ther north, from Central America to the southern United States and in 

 the West Indies. 



Geothlypis trichas has an extremely broad range across Mexico and 

 North America and numerous races of varying degrees of distinction 

 have been described. Dr. John W. Aldrich, who has studied this species 

 extensively, very kindly examined the Panamanian specimens in the 

 Smithsonian collection, and his identifications are followed here. 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDACTYLUS (Swainson) 



Trichas brachidactylus Swainson, 1838 (1837?), Anim. Menag., p. 295. (Northern 

 provinces of United States.) 



Characters. — Large, extremely yellowish green above with pale 

 flanks. 



Breeds in southern New England, eastern New York, and northern 

 New Jersey. There are 3 specimens in the Smithsonian collection: 

 USNM no. 459116 and no. 474689 from Juan Mina, Canal Zone, on 

 January 9, 1955, and January 13, 1961, and USNM no. 469132 from 

 Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, March 4, 1958. Another male specimen 

 in the British Museum, no. 85.3.8.496, which agrees with the characters 

 of this race, was collected by Arce in 1870 at Volcan de Chiriqui, 

 Chiriqui. 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS PELAGITIS Braund and McCullagh 



Geothlypis trichas pelagitis Braund and McCullagh, 1940, Wilson Bull., 52, p. 118. 

 (Eel Falls, 250 ft., Fox Bay, Anticosti Island.) 



Characters. — As large as brachidactyla, but darker greenish above 

 and darker on flanks. 



Dr. Aldrich includes in this race the populations breeding from On- 

 tario and northern Michigan through northern New England and mari- 



