306 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



Females (10 from the breeding range, taken in May and June) , wing 

 59.2-63.3 (61.5), tail 49.3-52.5 (51.4), oilmen from base 10.4-12.0 

 (11.6), tarsus 17.2-18.8 (18.1) mm. 



Migrant and winter visitor from the north. Fairly common through- 

 out on migration, in small numbers up to the highlands of western 

 Chiriqui as high as 1620 m (Blake, Fieldiana: Zool., vol. 36, no. 5, 1958, 

 p. 560), and on the Pearl Islands (Rendahl, Ark. Zool, vol. 13, no. 4, 

 1920, p. 48) . The Canada Warbler has been recorded in Panama from 

 September 3 to May 19 (Eisenmann, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 117, no. 

 5, 1952, p. 52; Willis and Eisenmann, Smiths. Contrib. Zool. 291, 1979, 

 p. 27) ; it is most numerous from late September to early October and 

 in late April and early May. On May 1, 1980, Ridgely counted at least 

 18 (75% of them males) at Galeta Island, Canal Zone. In 1963, 94 

 were banded at Almirante, Bocas del Toro, between September 18 and 

 October 28 (Loftin, in litt.). Willis (Living Bird, 1966, p. 209) saw 

 12 on Barro Colorado Island on October 3, 1960; he found that the 

 Canada Warbler regularly followed swarms of army ants there with as 

 many as 5 individuals in attendance at one swarm. In Panama it 

 usually occurs in the understory of forest and woodland, often at edge, 

 but only infrequently out in clearings, and then only when they are 

 heavily overgrown. 



This species is recorded in winter from British Honduras south to 

 central Peru and northern Brazil, but is scarce at that season north of 

 South America, its primary wintering area. In winter it has been re- 

 corded from Cerro Campana, Province of Panama, and from the Canal 

 Zone (Ridgely, op. cit) . One banded at Curundu in the Canal Zone on 

 February 13, 1964, and retaken there 6 weeks later on March 29 

 (Loftin et al., Bird-Banding, 1966, pp. 42-43) was probably a winter 

 resident. I also have a sight record for Chilar, western Colon, on Feb- 

 ruary 19, 1952. Two sightings that probably represent wintering indi- 

 viduals in Chiriqui were an immature female at Fortuna on March 3, 

 1976, and a male near Volcan (Dos Rios Hotel) on March 20, 1979, 

 both observed by Ridgely. 



SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnaeus): American Redstart, 

 Candelita Americana 



Motacilla ruticilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 186. (Virginia.) 



Small; male black with orange on remiges, rectrices, and sides; fe- 

 male with gray crown, rest of upper surface green, undersurface white 

 with yellow on sides. 



