FAMILY 1CTERIDAE 



359 



8, 1966, had the iris light mouse brown; bill dark dusky neutral gray; 

 tarsus, toes, and claws black. In adult males the iris is red. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Panama and Costa Rica), wing 

 111.0-120.6 (115.9), tail 68.8-82.0 (75.3), culmen from base 21.3-33.9 

 (22.5), tarsus 29.1-32.6 (31.0) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama) , wing 95.5-106.0 ( 103.1 ), tail 65.4-72.1 

 (69.5), culmen from base 18.8-20.8 (19.9), tarsus 27.4-28.6 (28.2) 

 mm. 



Figure 30. — Bronzed Cowbird, Vaquero Bronceado, Molothrus aeneus aeneus, 

 female (left), male (right). 



Resident. Common in the lowlands of Bocas del Toro; local and less 

 common on the Pacific slope from western Chiriqui to eastern Province 

 of Panama, although never recorded in the Canal Zone. In recent years 

 it has been recorded regularly and in substantial numbers in the lower 

 highlands of Chiriqui; e.g., 45 at Volcan on March 20, 1979 (Ridgely 

 in lift.). Ridgely (1976, p. 308) writes that "most central Panama re- 

 ports are from the Tocumen/La Jagua area of eastern Panama Prov- 

 ince. Several recent sightings from the Maria Chiquita/Rio Piedras 

 area of eastern Colon Province (N. G. Smith et al.) ; also a flock of 8 

 seen on eastern shore of Madden Lake on February 10, 1973 (Eisen- 

 mann). Is perhaps becoming more numerous in central Panama, and 

 spreading eastward." This race is found north to south-central Texas. 

 Other races occur in Arizona, Mexico, and Colombia. Parkes and Blake 

 (Fieldiana: Zool., vol. 44, no. 22, 1965, pp. 207-216) have shown that 



