FAMILY ICTERIDAE 



373 



(101.0), culmen from base 21.6-24.4 (23.0), tarsus 23.5-30.7 (28.7) 

 mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in lowlands on the Caribbean slope from 

 at least El Uracillo, Code, to the Colombian border, and on the Pacific 

 slope locally from Cerro Campana (at 500 m), Panama, eastward; 

 more common in Darien. Beyond Panama, it occurs in northern and 

 western Colombia and in northwestern Venezuela. 



None of the birds I have collected between January and March were 

 in breeding condition, so perhaps this race, like salvinii, begins nesting 

 later than most other icterids. I have no other details of breeding be- 

 havior from the range of carrikeri. Eisenmann (in litt.) saw a stub- 

 tailed fledgling being fed by an adult at Mindi, Canal Zone, on Sep- 

 tember 12, 1965; on this day he also saw 4 adults together. 



ICTERUS CHRYSATER GIRAUDII Cassin: Yellow-backed Oriole, 



Chicao 



Icterus Giraudii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 3, no. 12, 1848, 

 p. 333. ("Bogota," Colombia.) 



Medium size; bright orange-yellow, with black forehead, throat, 

 wings, and tail. 



Description. — Length 176-210 mm. Adult male, forehead, orbital 

 region, throat and center of upper breast, wings, and tail, black; rest of 

 body bright orange-yellow. 



Adult female, like male, but smaller and slightly duller, head, upper 

 back, and breast tinged brown. 



Immature, similar to female, but upperparts dull olive-yellow, wings 

 and tail dusky with indistinct dull olive-green edgings. 



A male collected at El Llano, Panama, on February 4, 1962, had the 

 iris very dark brown; base of mandibular rami light neutral gray; rest 

 of bill black; tarsus and toes neutral gray; claws black. A female taken 

 the same day was similar but the gray of the mandible was slightly more 

 extensive. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Panama), wing 85.0-97.0 (92.3), 

 tail 87.5-103.5 (94.1, average of 9), culmen from base 20.6-23.7 (22.3), 

 tarsus 23.2-25.6 (24.5) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama), wing 82.0-91.7 (87.8), tail 83.6-99.2 

 (90.7), culmen from base 20.5-23.7 (22.1), tarsus 22.3-26.2 (24.5) 

 mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in the lowlands of both slopes from Vera- 



