394 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



rest of upper surface, including wing coverts yellowish green; remiges 

 and rectrices blackish, edged yellowish green; sides of face yellowish 

 green; center of throat pale tawny; rest of undersurface yellow; under- 

 wing coverts white. 



A male collected at El Volcan, Chiriqui, on March 17, 1965, had the 

 iris chocolate; maxilla and tip of mandible black; base of mandible 

 neutral gray; tarsus and toes somewhat grayish brown; claws fuscous- 

 black. A female taken 12 days earlier was similar. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui), wing 62.0-67.5 (64.4), 

 tail 34.4-40.6 (38.6), culmen from base 8.4-10.0 (8.9), tarsus 13.6- 

 15.2 (14.3) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui and Costa Rica), wing 63.0-66.2 (64.1), 

 tail 32.5-34.8 (33.6), culmen from base 8.1-9.2 (8.6), tarsus 14.0-15.4 

 (14.7) mm. 



Resident. Uncommon to locally fairly common in the highlands of 

 Chiriqui and Veraguas. In Chiriqui it has been collected from 1050 m, 

 at El Banco, up to 2280 m, where I took 1 on Volcan de Chiriqui; it 

 seems commonest, however, between 1050 and 1500 m. Blake (Fiel- 

 diana: Zool., vol. 36, no. 5, 1958, p. 565) comments that "During the 

 breeding season this tanager apparently is restricted to the Subtropical 

 Zone; at other times it may be found at altitudes ranging from 1200 

 [360 m] to 10,000 [3000 m] feet above sea level." In Veraguas, Arce 

 collected it at Calovevora (Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 

 185), and Ridgely (in litt.) saw several pairs above Santa Fe in early 

 January 1974. There is an old specimen in the American Museum from 

 Nata, Code, that, because of its easterly and coastal location, was prob- 

 ably a purchased cagebird. Beyond Panama, this race occurs north to 

 central Mexico; other races are found in northwestern Mexico, South 

 America to northern Argentina, and in most of the Antilles except 

 Cuba. The populations from southeastern Guatemala through Panama 

 are sometimes placed in the race vincens of Hartert (Bull. Brit. Orn. 

 Clu., 1913, p. 77), but a series in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 including 18 males from Mexico to Honduras and 19 from Costa Rica 

 and western Panama, shows only a very faint average difference, with 

 the northern birds having the crown faintly bluer and the southern 

 series faintly more purple. Many in one series are not distinguishable 

 from individuals in the other, and the name vincens should, therefore, 

 not be maintained. Hellmayr (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., vol. 

 13, pt. 9, 1936, p. 22) considered the variation "insignificant" and also 

 suppressed vincens. 



