438 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



322). The measurements of 32 eggs examined by Skutch (Pac. Coast 

 Avif. no. 31, 1954, p. 196) averaged 22.7 by 16.0 mm. The incubation 

 period is 12 to 14 days; at several nests that Skutch observed, 1 nestling 

 hatched a day before the other. The young are fed by both parents and 

 remain in the nest 17 to 20 days. Often a second brood is raised, with 

 the parents sometimes beginning nest construction while still feeding 

 the fledged young from the first brood. 



THRAUPIS EPISCOPUS CAESITA Wetmore 



Thraupis virens caesita Wetmore, 1959, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 139 (2), p. 23. (Isla 

 Escudo de Veraguas, Bocas del Toro, Panama.) 



Characters. — Similar to T. e. cana, but darker, particularly below; 

 central lower surface nearly uniform in shade from throat to undertail 

 coverts; sides definitely darker; bill longer and heavier; larger than 

 T. e. cumatilis. 



Measurements. — Females (3 from Isla Escudo de Veraguas, includ- 

 ing the type), wing 87.5-90.1 (88.4), tail 60.1-62.8 (62.3), culmen from 

 base 16.4-18.0 (17.1), tarsus 20.4-20.7 (20.6) mm. 



Resident. Fairly common on Isla Escudo de Veraguas, off the base 

 of the Valiente Peninsula of Bocas del Toro. I did not expect that this 

 widely distributed tanager would be represented by a distinct form on 

 this small island, and the 3 specimens, all females, were taken merely 

 as a matter of routine during my visit in 1958. Comparison has been 

 made with a series of skins including 15 females of T. e. "diaconus" 

 and 21 of T. e. carta. In none of these is there a duplication of the 

 characters on which the race caesita is based. 



THRAUPIS EPISCOPUS CUMATILIS Wetmore 



Thraupis virens cumatilis Wetmore, 1957, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134(9), p. 94 

 (Isla Coiba, Panama.) 



Characters. — Sides and flanks darker blue than in T. e. cana; under- 

 wing coverts, especially the outer ones, darker; smaller than T. e. 

 caesita. 



Measurements. — Males (2 from Isla Coiba, including the type), 

 wing 87.4-89.0 (88.2), tail 63.0-63.4 (63.2), culmen from base 14.4- 

 14.7 (14.5), tarsus 19.0 mm. 



Females (3 from Isla Coiba), wing 82.6-86.8 (84.1), tail 59.6-60.4 

 (59.9), culmen from base 13.7-14.8 (14.2), tarsus 18.8-19.5 (19.2) 

 mm. 



