454 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



upper surface yellowish green; wings and tail black, with underwing 

 coverts and edge of inner webs of remiges white; undersurface yellow 

 tinged greenish. Adult male in alternate plumage, wings and tail black; 

 entire body scarlet. 



Adult female, like male in basic plumage, but rump and upper tail 

 coverts are color of back; wings and tail dusky gray, with feathers 

 edged yellowish green; underwing coverts and edge of inner web of 

 remiges white. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from North America, taken in May), 

 wing 92.0-99.0 (95.6), tail 61.4-70.2 (65.8), culmen from base 15.0- 

 16.8 (15.9), tarsus 16.7-18.8 (17.6) mm. 



Females (10 from North America, taken in May), wing 89.0-96.0 

 (93.7), tail 60.0-66.7 (63.0), culmen from base 15.2-16.9 (16.4), tar- 

 sus 16.8-19.2 (17.7) mm. 



Migrant and winter visitor from the north. Uncommon migrant 

 throughout from early October to mid-November and during March 

 and April; the latest record is of a male seen on May 1, 1976, at Fort 

 Sherman, Canal Zone, by Ridgely and J. Pujals. In winter it may be a 

 rare resident in the lowlands. I collected 1 on Isla Coiba, Veraguas, on 

 January 7, 1960. The only other presumed wintering record is of a fe- 

 male seen at Maje on the Rio Bayano, eastern Province of Panama, on 

 January 26, 1973, by Ridgely, Eisenmann and J. A. Gwynne. W. W. 

 Brown, Jr., collected 2 likely migrants on Saboga Island in the Pearl 

 Island Archipelago on April 9, 1904 (Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., vol. 46, 1905, p. 159). Most of the population winters in 

 western Amazonian South America south to northern Bolivia. One 

 taken at Almirante, Bocas del Toro, on October 13, 1963, weighed 

 35.5 g; Rodgers (Bird-Banding, p. 1965, p. 116) estimated that it had 

 enough fat to fly another 1774 km. In Panama this species is usually 

 found in second-growth woodland, forest borders, and forest canopy. 

 It is often seen singly with mixed flocks. It is not known to sing in 

 Panama. 



PIRANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wilson): Western Tanager, 

 Frutero Occidental 



Tanagra ludoviciana Wilson, 1811, Amer. Ornith., 3, p. 27, pi. 20, fig. 1. (About 

 two miles north of Kamiah, Idaho County, Idaho.) 



Medium size; male, head scarlet; body, except for upper back, bright 

 yellow; upper back, wings, and tail black; wings with two yellowish 

 bars; female, mostly yellowish green above, wings and tail dusky gray; 

 undersurface greenish yellow. 



