456 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



edged yellowish green, creating striped effect; rump and upper tail 

 coverts yellowish green; wings blackish, with lesser coverts tipped yel- 

 lowish green, middle and greater coverts and secondaries tipped white, 

 and outer web of remiges edged yellowish green; rectrices blackish, 

 edged yellowish green; outer three pairs tipped white; throat and 

 breast rich yellow, becoming paler on rest of undersurface; underwing 

 coverts pale yellow. 



Immature male, like female with red coming in on head and breast. 



A male collected at Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, on March 4, 1965, 

 had the iris mouse brown; maxilla and extreme tip of mandible black; 

 rest of mandible dark neutral gray; tarsus fuscous-brown; toes 

 fuscous-black with lower surface of pads dull honey yellow; claws 

 black. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui) , wing 93.5-101.0 (96.9), 

 tail 71.1-78.7 (75.0), culmen from base 18.8-20.3 (19.6), tarsus 19.2- 

 20.4 (19.6) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui), wing 84.0-95.3 (90.9), tail 69.2-76.8 

 (73.2), culmen from base 17.3-20.5 (18.6), tarsus 16.9-20.9 (19.1) 

 mm. 



Resident. Common in the highlands of western Chiriqui, where I 

 have collected it on the Volcan de Chiriqui as high as 2280 m. This race 

 is found also in Costa Rica; other races range north to northern Mexi- 

 co. In Chiriqui, it inhabits forests, borders, and clearings. It was 

 widely distributed through the woodland at Potrero Verde and above, 

 near El Volcan, in 1955, when I also observed 1 in a solitary tree in a 

 pasture on Cerro Punta and saw 2 males in a berry-bearing tree in 

 dense scrub at the lower edge of the llano near El Volcan. It is also 

 common at Boquete. When van Rossem described this race he re- 

 marked that he had examined specimens from Veraguas, but I have 

 no record of any taken in that province, except those collected by Batty 

 labeled "Brava I., Veraguas," an undoubtedly erroneous location. 



Males that I collected on March 13, 1955, at El Volcan were ap- 

 proaching breeding condition. The only call I heard from them was a 

 slightly explosive note, chit-tuck; Ridgely (1976, p. 322) describes the 

 song as "a rich but somewhat throaty caroling." Two nests collected 

 by Monniche at Volcan de Chiriqui on March 19 and May 10, 1932, 

 were cups loosely constructed of dry twigs, small roots, and tendrils, 

 and lined with fine grass stems. Outside dimensions were 12.7x6.4 cm; 

 the interior was 7.6x3.8 cm. One was in a tangle of bushes and vines 

 1 m from the ground; the other was 2.5 m from the ground in a coffee 

 tree. One nest contained two eggs, the other had three; both sets were 



