FAMILY TJ1RAUPIDAE 



487 



male at Cana, May 22, 1912; William B. Richardson took a male at 

 Boca de Cupe on the Rio Tuira, April 27, 1915; and ] found a few at 

 Jaque in 1946 and at the mouth of the Rio Paya in 1959. This race 

 also occurs in adjacent northwestern Colombia, and others range as far 

 as northern Bolivia and southeastern Brazil. 



I saw this bird in several different situations around Jaque; as part 

 of a small group of birds moving quickly through the tops of scrub 

 near the airfield, by itself in a tall tree in heavy forest, and in a pair in 

 low treetops. At the mouth of the Rio Paya, I collected 1 from the top 

 of a feeding tree, where it was resting quietly after having taken a 

 berry. When foraging for insects it sometimes moves as actively as a 

 warbler. The stomach of the 1 Goldman collected contained 2 cur- 

 culionids 20%, a scarabaeid 20%, a bug 15%, a roach 30%, a cater- 

 pillar 10%, and a membracid 5%. 



Ridgely (in lift.) notes that this species usually occurs in pairs, most 

 often with mixed flocks. It gleans foliage like a wood warbler and also 

 eats small berries. At Cana, Ridgely saw a pair with a small canopy 

 flock in very tall forest; the flock included Vireolanius, Polioptila 

 schistaceigula, and Heterospingus. 



CHRYSOTHLYPIS CHRYSOMELAS (Sclater and Salvin): Black- 

 and-yellow Tanager, Frutero Orinegro 



Figure 37 



Small; male bright orange-yellow, with black wings, tail, upper back, 

 and eye-ring; female yellowish green on upper surface, lighter yellow 

 below. 



Description. — Length 106-121 mm. Adult male, wings, upper back, 

 tail, and area around eye black; head orange-yellow, rest of body rich 

 yellow, lighter on undersurface; underwing coverts white. 



Adult female, upper surface yellowish green; undersurface yellow, 

 more greenish on sides and flanks; underwing coverts white. 



Immature male, like female. 



The Black-and-yellow Tanager is found in Panama and Costa Rica. 

 Females of the Costa Rican population are distinct from the 2 races 

 found in eastern and western Panama in having the underparts largely 

 dull white rather than yellow (Olson, Proc. Wash. Biol. Soc, vol. 94, 

 no. 2, 1981, p. 348). This species inhabits forests and forest borders 

 between 390 and 1050 m on both slopes. Where it occurs it is rather 

 common, but its distribution is somewhat local. 



It is usually found in small flocks, almost always in association with 

 other tanagers such as Tangara gyrola and T. icterocephala (Ridgely, 



