FAMILY TJ1RAUPIDAE 



491 



ing intensely they attract more birds of other species to their flocks than 

 when they are quieter. When foraging they take insects, a wide variety 

 of berries, and some nectar. Although they are very vocal, the calls of 

 bush-tanagers are not particularly developed, being limited to sharp, 

 twittering notes given as a song at dawn and throughout the day in in- 

 teractions with other individuals, and to various softer chirps and chips. 

 Moynihan (Auk, 1962, pp. 310-338) analyzes these vocalizations and 

 their associated displays in great detail. 



(Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 94, 1981, pp. 363-373) has dis- 

 cussed the reasons for restricting the race novicius to the area around 

 Boquete, east of Volcan de Chiriqui, and the adjacent Caribbean slope 

 of Bocas del Toro. Birds from the western slope of Volcan de Chiriqui 

 through Costa Rica to Nicaragua are referable to regionalis. The dis- 

 junct form punctulatus, in Veraguas, sometimes considered a distinct 

 species, "differs only slightly from other dark-capped subspecies of C. 

 ophthalmicus, such as venezuelanus, and clearly should be regarded as 

 a subspecies of C. ophthalmicus. The fact that no specimens of C. 

 ophthalmicus are known from the area between Boquete and the range 

 of punctulatus in Veraguas has no doubt contributed to the misunder- 

 standing of the relationships of punctulahis" (Olson, ibid, p. 367). 

 Ridgely (in litt.) notes that there are now specimens from Fortuna, 

 central Chiriqui, in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory collection, and it 

 would appear that these are closest to novicius. 



CHLOROSPINGUS OPTHALMICUS REGIONALIS Bangs 



Chi or os ping us regionalis Bangs, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 19, p. 112. 

 (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica.) 



Characters. — Crown grayish; upper surface more yellow-green, less 

 olivaceous; pectoral band yellowish, with orange absent or very sparse; 

 throat whitish, not heavily speckled with brown as in novicius. 



A male collected at El Volcan, Chiriqui, on February 27, 1965, had 

 the iris warm brown; base of mandible at junction of rami dull fuscous; 

 rest of bill black; tarsus and toes dark neutral gray; claws mouse brown 

 basally, black on tip. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Chiriqui), wing 66.0-72.0 (68.8), 

 tail 55.6-63.4 (58.3), oilmen from base 11.9-14.2 (13.4), tarsus 19.4- 

 22.0 (20.9) mm. 



Females (10 from Chiriqui and Costa Rica), wing 63.0-73.0 (65.5), 

 tail 53.4-63.7 (56.2), oilmen from base 12.6-14.0 (13.2), tarsus 18.8- 

 22.5 (20.8) mm. 



Resident. Very common in the highlands of western Chiriqui, 



