492 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



where it has been collected at Cerro Punta, Barriles, and the following 

 sites, sometimes confusingly known simply as "El Volcan," north or 

 west of the peak of Volcan de Chiriqui: Cerro Picacho (7 km north of 

 the peak), Silla de Cerro Pando (17 km west northwest of the peak), 

 and Lagunas ( 16 km west southwest of the peak) . C. B. Worth (Auk, 

 1939, pp. 308-309) observed it in the Rio Garache region. In elevation, 

 it ranges from 1200 to 2250 m (Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 

 vol. 3, 1902, p. 67). This race extends through Costa Rica to Nica- 

 ragua. 



Skutch (Publ. Nutt. Orn. Club, no. 7, 1967, pp. 167-178) found that 

 in Costa Rica flocks split into pairs during March and form territories 

 that may be 90 by 45 m. He found nests placed everywhere from on the 

 ground to 16 m high in a tree, in either bushy pastures or forests. The 

 nest is built entirely by the female. One that Worth (op. cit.) found 

 in Panama 3 m from the ground in a coffee tree was a domed ball of 

 moss with a narrow entrance at the top and a cavity lined with a few 

 dry strips of banana leaves. The nests that Skutch found varied from 

 bulky open cups to one thinly roofed-over. On June 28, 1937, Worth's 

 nest held two eggs that measured 21x17 and 21x17.5 mm and were 

 "white with a moderate sprinkling of pinkish-red dots, concentrated at 

 the blunt end so that on one egg they became confluent as a large red- 

 dish blotch, mottled and irregular in shape." One of these eggs hatched 

 on July 6. At the nests Skutch watched, the incubation period was 14 

 days. The young hatch with pink skin, sparse, long gray down, and 

 tightly shut eyes. They are fed insects by both parents and at 11 days 

 are well feathered. They leave the nest at 13 days. Skutch found some 

 pairs raising a second brood during June and July. 



CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS NOVICIUS Bangs 



Chlorospingus novicius Bangs, 1902, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 3, p. 67. 

 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 2500 ft. altitude [restricted by Olson (1981, Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Wash. 94, pp. 363-373) to eastern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui].) 



Characters. — Differs from regionalis by having the crown and sides 

 of head darker, decidedly brownish, not gray; upper surface more 

 olivaceous, less yellow-green; pectoral band more intensely orangish, 

 less yellow; light portions of throat more restricted, more heavily 

 speckled, usually suffused with buff or even with the orange of the 

 breast, not whitish as in novicius. Differs from punctulatus by having 

 crown lighter brown, not very blackish brown, pectoral band not as 

 deep orange and throat not as heavily flecked with blackish. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Boquete, Chiriqui), wing 67.0- 



