496 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



the only bird found on the summit of Cerro Sapo in April 1941. A male 

 collected there April 28 had enlarged testes. Nelson commented that 

 "the skin on the top of the head is much thickened and oily although 

 these birds have no crest or other development of the feathers which 

 would account for this character." 



Although probably related to C. ophthalmicus, the much larger size 

 and distinctive plumage of C. inornatus are quite sufficient to accord it 

 full specific rank. 



CHLOROSPINGUS FLAVIGULARIS HYPOPHAEUS Sclater and 

 Salvin: Yellow-throated Bush-tanager, Frutero Rastrojero 

 Gargantiamarillo 



Chlorospingus hypophaeus P. L. Sclater and Salvin, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 

 don, p. 389. (Veragua, Calovevora, Panama.) 



Small; upper surface yellowish green; throat orangey yellow; breast 

 pinkish buff; sides and flanks grayish olive; rest of undersurface 

 whitish. 



Description. — Length 122-133 mm. Adult (sexes alike), entire up- 

 per surface, yellowish green; throat yellow-ocher; breast pinkish buff; 

 sides and flanks grayish olive; undertail coverts yellowish green; rest 

 of undersurface whitish; underwing coverts white. 



Measurements. — Males (6 from Veraguas), wing 75.0-78.6 (76.4), 

 tail 42.0-54.0 (50.4), culmen from base 14.0-15.0 (14.5), tarsus 20.1- 

 22.0 (21.2) mm. 



Female (1 from Veraguas), wing 70.0, tail 46.6, culmen from base 

 14.5, tarsus 21.2 mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in foothills on the Caribbean slope of the 

 Volcan de Chiriqui in Bocas del Toro, where W. W. Brown, Jr., col- 

 lected 5 in 1901 (Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 3, 1902, 

 p. 67) and on both slopes in Veraguas. Arce collected it in Veraguas 

 at Calovevora, Chitra, and Boquete de Chitra (Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. London, 1870, p. 188); Benson took 3 on the Rio Calovevora in 

 1926 between 240 and 450 m, and at Santa Fe in 1925 between 600 and 

 750 m. More recently, in 1974 Ridgely and F. G. Stiles found it very 

 common above Santa Fe between 750 and 900 m along the road to the 

 Continental Divide; above 900 m it was replaced by C. o. punctulatus. 

 In habitat and behavior this species is similar to other bush-tanagers — 

 it inhabits forests and forest borders, where it moves in small groups 

 that may include other species. It forages primarily in the middle and 

 upper levels of trees. The race hypophaeus, found exclusively in west- 



