596 



BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 4 



maxilla below nostril, cutting edge and extreme tip yellow; mandible 

 yellow with a narrow line of black on side near tip; tarsus and toes 

 grayish brown; claws dusky neutral gray. 



Measurements. — Males (9 from Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro), wing 

 78.9-88.0 (82.4), tail 73.6-89.8 (81.3), culmen from base 15.2-17.2 

 (16.2, average of 8), tarsus 26.2-30.3 (27.7) mm. 



Females (8 from Chiriqui), wing 77.0-82.0 (79.5), tail 74.4-84.9 

 (78.5), culmen from base 15.0-16.8 (16.0), tarsus 25.6-28.6 (26.9) 

 mm. 



Resident. Fairly common but local in the foothills and highlands of 

 Chiriqui, adjacent Bocas del Toro, Veraguas, Code, and Cerro Cam- 

 pana in western Province of Panama. In Chiriqui, W. W. Brown, Jr., 

 collected it at Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui between 1200 and 2310 

 m; it has been recorded elsewhere in the province at Cerro Punta, 

 Sereno, and Barriles. In Bocas del Toro, R. Hinds took a male on the 

 Rio Changuena at 720 m and, in Veraguas, Arce collected it at Calove- 

 vora and Calobre (Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Aves, vol. 

 1, pt. 28, 1884, p. 320). In March 1951, I saw this species at El Valle, 

 Code and Cerro Campana, Panama, where I collected 1 at 900 m. 



A juvenile I caught on March 16, 1965, at El Volcan, Chiriqui had 

 just left its nest; in Panama the breeding season must begin earlier than 

 it does in Costa Rica, where Skutch (Publ. Nutt. Orn. Club, no. 7, 

 1967, pp. 193-196) found the nesting season to run from mid-April to 

 August. The nest is a bulky, open cup made with a foundation of broad 

 dead leaves, twigs, or herbaceous stems, a middle layer of slender dead 

 bamboo leaves, and a lining of horse hairs or fine rootlets. Two nests 

 Skutch found were 1.3 to 1.7 m off the ground in a sapling and a shrub; 

 both were well screened by foliage. One nest had an overall diameter of 

 20 by 22.5 cm by 12.7 cm in height; the inside was 7.5 cm in diameter 

 by 5.2 cm deep. One or two eggs form a complete clutch; they are pure 

 white and slightly glossy. The average measurements of eight eggs 

 were 25.7 X 18.9 mm. The incubation period is 14 days and young spend 

 13 days in the nest. At hatching, they have pink skin and long, dark 

 gray down. 



ATLAPETES BRUNNEINUCHA FRONTALIS (Tschudi) 



Arremon frontalis Tschudi, 1844, Archiv. f. Naturg., 10 (1), p. 289. (Vicinity of 

 Rio Vitoc and Rio Tulumayo, Peru.) 



Characters. — White of undersurface much more extensive than in 

 elsae; upper tail coverts and edges of rectrices brown. 



A male collected at Cerro Mali, Darien, on February 24, 1964, had 



