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TWENTY-EIGHTH FRUIT-GROWERS' CONVENTION. 



borne on the lower branches. It is not subject to weather conditions. 

 As matter of convenience it is not good form. It seems more desirable 

 in old trees with large extending branches to cultivate more beneath 

 the tree. 



MR. DORE. How far from the ground would you consider the 

 branches should be on a Navel orange tree? 



PROFESSOR PAINE. In the nursery the tree is topped to be about 

 3 or Si feet. 



A MEMBER. I want to ask a question which bears upon both 

 papers. There was a very valuable suggestion in the first one in regard 

 to having a tree that would stand the greatest amount of frost, and the 

 other suggestion comes in under Professor Paine's paper as to the form 

 of the tree — broad and turning downward instead of growing upward. 

 I do not know whether any one here is acquainted with the trifoliata 

 of Florida. The trifoliata stock it is claimed will raise trees as far 

 north as Washington. The stock is so hardy that it would harden our 

 trees and make them frost-resistant. It is also broad, low, and drooping, 

 and would spread out its branches to receive the sunlight and the air 

 which are so necessary. It seems to me that if that tree was introduced 

 here you would introduce with it those two very valuable ideas. 



PROFESSOR PAINE. I do not want to go into a discussion of the 

 trifoliata now. I know something about it from seeing the reports to 

 the State Board of Horticulture in Florida. It is dwarfy in character, 

 and that makes it a good fruit-producer. When budded to our varieties 

 it will bring fruit much earlier and produce oranges of good quality and 

 abundantly. While I know from the authorities that it is very resistant 

 to frost, I want to say something in regard to the matter of pruning the 

 orange trees to give air and light, upon the point that some of you may 

 have thought that in so doing you will expose your fruit to frost. Now, 

 it is the exposed oranges upon the outside that are frosted, and they are 

 frosted in the points where they are exposed. For instance, an orange 

 that stands somewhat upward would be frosted on its upper side if there 

 is no foliage over it. And again, if it was exposed near its stem, there 

 the frost would appear in perhaps a little spot not greater than the end 

 of my finger. If you have a protection of leaves over an orange, the 

 orange is protected from frost. It is the blanket over the particular 

 fruit that is the protection. It does not need a mass of foliage. 



MR. STONE. There was a very important paper read last night, of 

 which no notice whatever has been taken. It was well delivered. That 

 was on the subject of advertising. I refer to the paper read by Mr. 

 Curtis. It seems to me that some practical action should be taken with 

 regard to advertising California products. It has occurred to me 

 whether the Southern California Fruit Exchange could not take that 

 up and have an advertising department — an officer who should attend 



