78 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTY-SIXTH FRUIT-GROWERS ' CONVENTION. 



led to one result, the canneries saying they had more berries than they 

 could handle at the price; consequently a gradual lowering of prices 

 until during the past two years the returns, based on the valuation of 

 the land and labor, would not pay the cost of production. This may 

 look like a dark situation for the berry growers, but fortunately our 

 eggs are not all in one basket. 



CULTIVATION. 



Cultivation of our berries consists of thorough plowing, hoeing and 

 cultivating, no irrigation being done. Different habits and growth of 

 the varieties, however, require different training. The Lawtons are 

 upright growers, and are usually planted eight feet apart each way. 

 The plants are obtained by digging the shoots that are thrown out late 

 in the season near the "hill." The second season of growth the vines 

 are staked with two redwood stakes, 2 by 2 and 6 feet in length. They 

 are driven one on each side of the vine close in, but spreading at the top 

 to allow for lateral growth and ease in picking. 



The raspberries are grown without stakes, and are planted more 

 closely. A good way to plant is. 3 by 8 and allow to make a solid row 

 one way. 



The Antwerp raspberry is a heavier bearer than the Cuthbert and 

 slightly more acid. The light, drier and more sweet Cuthbert has 

 better carrying qualities for shipping fresh, but has not proven entirely 

 successful in our locality, from bearing too much second crop in the 

 fall, especially when we have early rains. Evidently the season is too 

 long. At Puyallup. "Washington, 750 tons of this variety are raised 

 annually, but their spring is a month later than here in California and 

 the fall a month earlier, and they are not troubled in this way. 



The Lawton blackberry and the raspberry were the only bush berries 

 grown until the advent of the loganberry, originated in your neighbor- 

 ing Santa Cruz. This berry met with favor from many, its term of 

 fruiting filling in a gap before the later Lawtons. Its adaptibility to 

 a great variety of soils and climate has given it a wide planting, and 

 its vigorous growth and prolific bearing has made it a favorite garden 

 berry. 



The success met in crossing the California dewberry with the red 

 raspberry, the Logan, led to much experimenting, with the result in the 

 past few years of several new varieties. The value of some of these 

 remains to be seen. Probably the next best of these crosses is the 

 Mammoth blackberry, which is in full fruiting at the time the Logans 

 are on the wane and the Lawtons are beginning to ripen. Thus, in our 

 section we have succession of Logan, Mammoth, and Late Black, as we 

 are beginning to call the Law T ton since the Mammoth has come into 

 the market. 



Another new variety is the Himalya, a strong grower and good fruit, 

 and may prove a good berry in some less favored climate and soil, but 

 so far does not seem to supplant any of the older varieties. I suspect 

 that one reason for this is the quite thorny nature of the vine, but it 

 certainly is a hardy growler and will eventually find its place. 



The Logan, Mammoth, and Himalya are running vines, and have to 

 be trellised. This is done in the winter, two wires being used, one above 

 the other, at two and three feet from the ground. The plants from 



