PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTY-SIXTH FRUIT-GROWERS , CONVENTION. 197 



as farmers, see where they are denied the right to learn how to sell the 

 products they raise. We have too long* considered farming as a mere 

 function, as a mere occupation, that is, the producing of a certain 

 tonnage of fruit and we have forgotten to teach the farmers that there 

 is a business end of it. As I told the boys at that meeting at Davis, the 

 business part of farming may be entirely different from the productive 

 part, So is my right hand different from my left. "Will any one in 

 this room deny that I need both of those hands? Sometimes my very 

 life may be dependent on my having two hands. Thej^ are different ; 

 one is right and the other is left. Just as selling farm produce differs 

 from raising it, and yet I must have both of those if I am to make a 

 success. I believe the very life of farming will soon come to the point 

 where the farmer must be as good a business man as he is a producer. 

 I believe we will come to the point very soon that the man who shall 

 teach another man how to raise more fruit without teaching him how to 

 sell it is a disadvantage to the State. In other words, the University 

 must come to the point of teaching the boys just as thoroughly how to 

 sell the products as they do to raise them. The Southern Pacific E ail- 

 road knows everything about fruit growing that relates to railroading. 

 The farmer should know everything about railroading that relates to 

 fruit growing, and until he learns these things he is at a disadvantage 

 and will get the worst of it. (Applause.) 



MR. DARGITZ. Teach them to raise better instead of more fruit. 



PRESIDENT JEFFREY. Mr. Dargitz has the key to it, and that 

 is what Professor Clarke is doing. And at the same time teach them 

 how to get the money out of that fruit. If Mr. Dargitz were raising 

 almonds just for the fun of taking his friends around to show the good 

 crop, he would not need to know the business. If he need to get his 

 wife a pair of shoes occasionally he needs to know how to sell those 

 almonds. Mr. Ellery is here and would like to read his paper before 

 noon. We will hear that delightful paper on roads from a man who is 

 not afraid to face the music on a good many things besides roads. 

 (Applause.) 



BETTER STATE ROADS. 



By Nathaniel Ellery, State Engineer. 



MR. ELLERY. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: In 1893 the 

 State of New Jersey began a state- wide agitation of the road question. 

 They enacted a law known as the State Aid Law. It was a pioneer 

 along this line. They had taken their cue from European management 

 and control of roads. After the State of New Jersey had gone but a 

 year or two on that line other states adopted the plan, and it became, 

 in the Eastern States, quite universal. Since 1893 there have been 

 several minor changes in the law. and recently the State of Pennsyl- 

 vania, which is spending some millions of dollars in the construction of 

 state aided roads, has been figuring more along the line of getting a 

 system of state roads aside from the state aided roads. We know that 

 in the State of New York, where perhaps the state aid has been 

 extended more than in any other state, about one hundred and sixteen 

 millions of dollars are being expended on state aided roads. I mean 

 by that the county spends perhaps one half and the state one half. 

 The great question with these state roads is not merely in the construe- 



