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AVIFAUNA 



frozen out. The same applies to the tufted duck 1 ); I once 

 killed 28 of them at one shot, but in mild winters I do 

 not see them. A few scaups 2 ) may be seen here any time, 

 but in severe frost as in 1891 and 1895 they appear in 

 large numbers from their proper habitat, which is more 

 outside water, such as Brugsluis and the next gat, outside 

 of Schouwen. 



Black scoters 3 ) come annually in some numbers and a few 

 velvet scoters 4 ) also come in the Yeeregat in hard frost. 

 Long-tailed ducks 5 ) appear almost if not quite annually, but 

 the only adult male I ever saw was the one I sent to you. 

 Golden eyes ) are common enough, but difficult to shoot. 

 Nyroca I have never met, ferina is not common, usually 

 with scaups. 



The sheldrake 7 ) is another common bird here. With regard 

 to the association together of Anatidae, I have killed at 

 one shot pintail, teal, shoveler, wigeon and duck. I often 

 see mixed lots appearing together when resting on the sounds. 



The goosander s ) I have never seen here, but the redbreasted 

 merganser 9 ) is a common winter bird here from October to 

 March. The smew 10 ) is a freshwater bird, only coming to the 

 tide in frost. They are rare in salt water tided areas. 



As to the geese, the earliest to arrive is the beangoose n ), 

 which comes in September and stays at all events to March. 

 The most numerous goose is the pink-footed goose 12 ), which 

 does not arrive here in full numbers till early December and in 

 mild winters the bulk of them leave early in February. 

 The white-fronted goose 13 ) resembles the pink-footed in its 

 seasons. The grey lag 14 ) is an autumn and spring migrant 

 and rare during the dead of the winter. The most frequented 

 haunt of this goose are the big grass marshes outside Stellen- 

 dam and Middelharnis. White-fronted geese will associate 



1) Fzdifjula fuliijula. 

 4) Oidemia fusca. 

 7) Tadorna tadorna. 

 10) Mergns albellus. 

 13) Anser albifrons. 



2) Fnligula marila. 



3) Oidemia nigra. 



5) Harelda hyemalis. 6) Clangula clangula. 



8) Merganser merganser. 9) Merganser serrator. 



11) Anser fabalis. 12) Anser brachyrl/ynckus. 

 14) Anser anser. 



Notes from, the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXX". 



