1920.] Farming in Peace and in War. 1195 



The unit employed to measure " energy value " is the Calorie, 

 that is, the quantity of heat needed to raise i kilog. of water 

 from 15° to 16° C. 



The number of Calories which must be suppUed in food 

 depends chiefly on the nature of a man's work. When resting 

 in bed, and it is only necessary to maintain the vital functions, 

 it has been found that a man of average weight uses up about 

 1,850 Calories per day. If engaged in very light work, e.g., 

 walking to a classroom and listening to lectures, not less than 

 2,500 would be required ; assuming a normal amount of 

 exercise 3,000 to 3,500 would be necessary. In hard training 

 the potential " blue " may need 5,000, or more. 



Before the War the average amount of food provided per man 

 in the United Kingdom would supply about 3,400 Calories 

 per day, or, including women and children, about 1,130,000 

 per head per annum for the whole population of the country. 

 For purposes of calculation, we may take the round figure 

 1,000,000 Calories per person per annum as representing the 

 needs of a mixed population in the United Kingdom. 



Chief Farm Products of the United Kingrdom. — We may now 

 proceed to study the agriculture of the United Kingdom as it 

 existed before the War, for the purpose of discovering the 

 relative money values and food values of the crops and live 

 stock which we then produced. 



In Table 1. (p. 11 96) I have brought together the necessary 

 data. The figures are the annual averages for the live-year 

 period, 1909-13. Prices are given per customary unit, i.e., 

 per qr. of wheat, per cwt. of meat, butter, etc., and per gal. of 

 milk ; the weight sold is shown in thousands of tons ; the money 

 value in thousands of pounds ; and the energy value in millions 

 of Calories. The upper part of the table gives details, the lower 

 presents a summary. 



It is apparent at a glance that in the United Kingdom live- 

 stock |_f arming was paramount. It may be shown that 

 36,000,000 acres were devoted to producing meat and milk as 

 against 2,950,000 to the growing of wheat and potatoes. The 

 sales of live stock and of stock products totalled some 

 £151,000,000 per annum, while wheat and potatoes produced 

 £26,750,000 only. 



The entire food supply of our live stock is not, however, 

 produced from the soils of the country. We import feeding 

 stuffs for which farmers paid some £32,000,000 per annum in 

 1909-13. These feeding stuffs have considerable manurial 

 value, and we may write off £6.000,000 as the sum due for 



