Pethybridge & Praeger — Vegetation Sotdh of Duhlin. 147 



the stony and grassy slopes are less maritime in character : Erica 

 cinerea, Carlina vulgaris, Teucrium Scorodonia, and Erodiiim mariti- 

 mum are characteristic. 



The Agraeian Zone. 



The Farm-land. (A.) 



From some points of view this group of associations presents a 

 number of interesting features. The operations of farming, such as 

 ploughing, manuring, and grazing, have of course an enormous 

 influence over the plant associations which prevail; and a detailed 

 study of these influences would certainly yield interesting and useful 

 results. The artificial associations produced thus are, of course, small 

 in area as a rule, but recur again and again in the farm-land ; to record 

 them satisfactorily, therefore, would require publication on a larger 

 scale than the one inch to the mile. Since this is so, and since these 

 small areas would vary very much from year to year, according to the 

 farmers' rotations, &c., we have not paid very much attention to 

 them. 



The old pastures present the only considerable area where the 

 vegetation is in a state of equilibrium ; and there it is controlled to 

 a considerable extent by grazing animals. Almost everywhere the 

 flora of the pasture-land has a calcicole aspect, since, even where the 

 underlying rock is granite or slate, calcareous Eoulder-clay usually 

 overlies it. The following may be mentioned as characteristic plants 

 of old pastures and undisturbed banks in the farm-land area, being 

 seldom met with outside it : — 



Ranunculus bulbosus. 

 Linum catharticum. 

 Lathyrus pratensis. 

 Pulicaria dysenterica. 

 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. 

 Cnicus arvensis. 

 Leontodon hispidus. 

 Tragopogon pratensis. 



Primula officinalis. 

 Orchis pyramidalis. 

 Phleum pratense. 

 Trisetum flavescens. 

 Avena pubescens. 

 Bromus erectus. 

 Briza media. 



Owing to much of our work having been confined to the winter 



