150 



Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



The farm -land has its usual abundance of colonists and denizens — 

 species of Papaver, Fumaria, Brassica, Crepis, Sonchiis^ Chenopodium^ 

 Atriplex, Polygonum, Ftiphorhia, and others. In the higher cultivated 

 areas, the number of these decreases, and there is an increase of certain 

 other plants, such as Raphmius Raphanistrum, Chrysanthemum segetum, 

 Stachys palustris, Galeopsis Tetrahit. By roadsides, and on waste 

 ground, in the farm-land, large-leaved herbs are numerous and 

 characteristic, such as Petasites, Arctium, Rumex. 



There are no native vs^oods of any extent now, either on the lower 

 or higher grounds. The planted trees in the farm-land area are of all 

 kinds ; and in the form of belts of planting and rows of trees in fences, 

 the district is well wooded. The only tree-areas of any extent are 

 certain pine-woods on the upper grounds, which will be referred to 

 later when discussing woods. The planting and hedges shelter the 

 usual shade associations. 



As regards hydrophytic associations, there are of course plenty of 

 fields in which the drainage is bad, where rushes and the grasses 

 characteristic of sour land prevail ; but it is quite impossible to indicate 

 these small areas, except on maps of a much larger scale than one inch 

 to the mile. The Grand Canal and a number of small ponds in the farm- 

 land area also give us hydrophytic plants, as the following list of plants 

 growing in the canal will show : — 



Ranunculus cu^cinatus. Potamogeton pusillus. 



jSiuphar luteum. P. pectinatus. 



Hippuris vulgaris. Zannichellia palustris. 



Callitriche spp. Eleocharis acicularis. 



Sium erectum. Scirpus lacustris. 



Menyanthes trifoliata. Glyceria aquatica. 



Elodea canadensis. Equisetum limosum. 



Sparganium ramosum. Chara fragilis. 



Lemna minor. C. hispida. 



Alisma Plantago. C. vulgaris. 



Potamogeton natans. Tolypella glomerata. 



P. crispus. Nitella opaca. 



P. densus. 



The Ulex europceus Association. (U.) 



As mentioned above, this occurs in the form of " islands" among 

 the farm -land, where the overlying deposits of di'ift are absent, and 

 where the bed-rock (granite or slate) comes to the surface. It is also 



