Pethybkidge & Praeger — Vegetation Sonfh of DiihUn. 167 



of the grassy leaves of JE. angiidi folium^ plentifully intermixed with the 

 more BcirpmAS}s.Qi foliage of E. vaginatum. In autumn, the hill-side 

 glows with a beautiful dark red as the leaves fade. Below the uniform 

 waving foliage of the cotton-grass is a continuous, dense, stunted 

 growth of Calluna, with several of the plants of the Calluna and 

 Scirpus associations ; but Scirpus ccespitosiis itself is apparently checked 

 by the cotton-grasses, and occurs only in occasional patches, con- 

 spicuous in autumn on the red carpet by their golden-brown colour. 

 The soil is a thick, sopping peat, and quite spongy to the foot, in 

 this respect differing from the Scirpus bog. It would appear, then, 

 that on the higher grounds the undrained areas are bogs dominated 

 chiefly by Erioplionim angustifoliurii, whereas the lower-level bogs are 

 Scirpus cesspitosus bogs. The composition of the two associations, not 

 taking the dominating species into account, is very similar, but 

 I^arthecium ossifragum is conspicuous by its absence, apparently, from 

 the cotton-grass bog, while Vaccinium Vitis-Id^a is absent from the 

 Scirpus bog. 



Composition of the Eiuophoeum Association". 

 Numher of stations exanwied — three. 



Calluna vrLOARis. 3. 



EmOPHOKFM ANGUSTIFO- 

 LIUM. 3. 



E. vaginatum. 3. 

 Empetrum nigrum. 3. 

 Vaccinium Myrtillus. 3. 



Scirpus caespitosus. 3. 

 Cladonia rangiferina. 2. 

 Vaccinium Vitis-Idsea. 1. 

 Erica Tetralix. 1. 

 Sphagnum s^^. 1. 



The Racomitrium Association. (R.) 



The three types of moorland which we liave just described — the 

 dry Calluna moor, and the two kinds of high-level or black bog (the 

 Scirpus and Eriophorum associations) — are very distinct in character, 

 and are easily mapped, except in some cases where the absence of 

 boundaries, streams, &c., from the map makes the determination of 

 the exact areas covered by the associations a little difficult to settle. 



Considerable areas of the moorland in our district are, on the other 

 hand, clothed with a vegetation which consists of a mixture of the 

 above three types, and that in varying proportions in different 

 localities. These areas have, however, one feature in common, and 

 that is that more or less conspicuous bosses of the moss Racomitrium 



