O'Eeilly— ChurcJm of KiU-of-the-Gramje, ^c, 113 



in a partially ruined state. Wakeman and Petrie seem to have con- 

 sidered this chancel as heing contemporaneous with the nave ; but the 

 thickness of the wall, 62 cm. (2' 0-41"), (62-5 cm., 2' 0-6" = | vara), the 

 quality of the masonry, and more especially the broken line of junc- 

 tion with the walls of the nave shown on the interior face at the 

 south-west corner of the chancel (see fig. 2), where the remains of the 

 nave side-wall still project in jagged outline 8 cm. (3- 15") beyond the 

 present chancel wall, point either to a reconstruction or at least to a 

 discontinuance or suspension of the original design. Besides, there is 

 hardly any evidence of bonding with the walls of the nave ; nearly 

 at all points there is simply juxtaposition. It is the same as regards 

 the junction of the aisle with the nave and chancel. This aisle was 

 evidently a recent addition, and seemingly underwent more than one 

 handling. There are two narrow openings in the northern wall of 

 this aisle which look very old, the aperture being about 15 cm. (5 "9") 

 in each. The north-west doorway, with its pointed arch and cut- 

 stone dressing, is evidently recent. Of the western doorway of the 

 aisle there practically remains but a portion of the southern jamb ; 

 its opening presented a width of 110 cm. (3' 7'3"). So far as concerns 

 the object of the present Paper, it is the dimensions of the building 

 and the orientation which are of interest. The former show very 

 distinctly evidence of the use of the ''vara" unit, both as regards 

 the details as well as regards the general dimensions. There is one 

 very remarkable circumstance as regards the dimensions of the nave, 

 the signification of which is not at once apparent ; it is the absence 

 of symmetry of the walls of the building, as regards its central axis ; 

 whether this was originally intended or is the result of subsequent 

 alterations is by no means clear. The orientation as determined by 

 hand-compass was found to be about 3° north of due east and west, 

 and can hardly be taken as corresponding to the direction of the rising 

 sun on the festal day of the saint whose name the church bears, 

 the daughters of Leinin (6th March), which would correspond to a 

 southern declination of about 6°. Hence it follows that the visual 

 passing through the central line of the western doorway of the nave, 

 and through the eastern opening of the cliancel as it now stands, on 

 to the horizon, would not give the correct day of equinox, but would 

 correspond to about the 26th or 27th March, instead of the 21st. 

 That is, on the presumption that such was the original intention of 

 the builders, and not taking into account the ancient errors as regards 

 the day of equinox and tlie subsequent corrections in the calendar. 

 As regards the \'isual line in question, it may be observed that the 



