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Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



and cemeteries, save a portion for the burial of those excommunicatedv 

 Thomas, the Seventh Earl of Kildare (d. 1478), and Johanna, his wife 

 (d. 1488), were the founders. Cornelius O'Sullivan (d. 1492) built 

 the belfry (an afterthought) ; Margaret Fitzgibbon (d. 1483) built the 

 great chapel of the Virgin ; John, son of the Earl of Desmond, built 

 the lesser chapel; O'Brien Ara (d. 1502) and his wife built the 

 dormitory ; Eory O'Dea and his wife the cloister ; Thomas, Knight of 

 the Glen, and Honora Fitzgibbon, his wife, built the infirmary, and 

 she added 10 feet to the length of the choir, and M. O'Hickey made 

 the beautiful panels and stalls on the north side of the choir ; and built 

 the refectory. Certain chapels of the Cathedral, and portions of 

 Askeaton, and, perhaps, Friarstown Convent, seem to date in the 

 same century as the great destruction in which the monasteries 

 perished, and the churches, even the Cathedral, lay more or less in 

 ruin till some sort of peace and order arose for a short interval under 

 James I. 



Round Towers.- — The supposed round tower of Limerick, on 

 certain lists, was originally intended for Dysert Oenghus. A round 

 tower, however, stood at Singiand ; there is a sketch of it, 1657, in 

 the Down Survey, showing it as broken. There is a fine example at 

 Dysert, which we have described in section 98, and figured on Plate 

 XIT. The rude and greatly altered tower, embedded in the west 

 end of the collegiate church of Kilmallock,^ and the broken stump of 

 the one at Ardpatrick, complete the list. Ardpatrick tower, as we 

 have noted in section 259, was three storeys high in 1657. 



Belfkies. — Many belfries, after 1200, appear to be afterthoughts^ 

 inserted between the side walls of the churches ; such are the towers of 

 the Cathedral, the Franciscan^ and Augustinian Abbeys of Adare, 

 Ballingarry, and evidently Askeaton. Others were added at the sides 

 and ends, as at Monasteranenagh, Rathkeale, and Hospital, of all of 

 which little trace remains. Askeaton church has a rude, square 

 belfry, with an octagonal upper storey. The great towers of the 

 White Abbey, Adare, and of Abbeyowney, and probably the original 

 central tower of Monasteranenagh, were integral parts of the design. 

 The tower of Milltown, like that of Abbeyowney, only survives in 

 Dyneley's sketch, 1681 ; and the massive tower at the west end of 

 Abbeyfeale, in the maps of the Down Survey of 1657.^ Mungret 



1 See Miss Stokes's "Early Christian Architecture of Ireland," p. 90. 

 ■opiate XIII. opiate XII. 



