164 



THE ZOOLOGIST. 



1521, and the foundation of tbe Philadelphia Zoological Society 

 in 1859. 



In England the first recorded Royal Menagerie was at Wood- 

 stock, Oxfordshire, in the time of King Henry I. (1100-1135). 

 This was transferred to the Tower of London, apparently in the 

 reign of Henry III. (1216-1272)), and kept up there till after 1828. 

 A second English Royal Menagerie existed at Windsor. Kew should 

 perhaps also be mentioned here : the famous Botanical Gardens, 

 founded privately in 1551, which are now about two hundred and 

 fifty acres in extent, at one period contained a menagerie. In a 

 book entitled * The Picture of London for 1808 ' are the following 

 particulars concerning the collection of animals then kept in 

 Kew Gardens : — " The Aviary contains a large collection of birds 

 of all countries. In the Flower-garden are to be seen all kinds 

 of beautiful flowers, and in its ceutre a bason of water, well 

 stocked with gold fish. The Menagerie contains Chinese and 

 Tartarian pheasants, and various large and exotic birds, with a 

 bason stocked with waterfowl, in the centre of which is a pavilion 

 in the Chinese manner" (fide S. Goldney, 'Kew Gardens,' 

 London 1907). 



In France King Philip VI. (1328-1350) had a menagerie in 

 the Louvre at Paris in 1333. Charles V. (1364-1380) had 

 menageries and aviaries at Conflans, Tournelles and in Paris 

 {fide E. T. Hamy). Louis XI. (1461-1483), who is said to have 

 introduced and established the Canary-bird in Europe, formed a 

 menagerie at Plessis les Tours in Touraine. After the death of 

 Louis XI. the Royal French Menagerie was re-established at the 

 Louvre, special missions were sent to North Africa &c. to obtain 

 specimens, and the collection was rapidly growing, when on the 

 21st of January 1583 the entire menagerie came to a violent 

 end : Henry III. (1574-1589) saw in a dream Lions, Bears and 

 Dogs tearing himself to pieces, and in consequence " had all the 

 Lions, Bulls, Bears &c. killed with shots of arquebus " (fide E. T. 

 Hamy). Henry IV. (1589-1610) kept up a very small menagerie, 

 but one which included an Elephant. Louis XIII. (1610-1643) 

 kept some mammals and birds at his hunting lodge at Versailles, 

 and his son Louis XIV. (1643-1715) in 1663 founded the cele- 

 brated Versailles menagerie, the " Menagerie du Pare." During 

 the first twenty-five years of its existence this collection received 



