ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF THE WORLD. 181 



Germany. 



98. Aix-la-Chapelle. — A small Zoological Garden was opened 

 at Aix about 1886, and closed about 1903. 



99. Alfeld-on-Leine. — This little town in the Province of 

 Hanover does not possess a zoological garden, but contains two 

 important trading menageries, those of Herr C. Keiche and of 

 Herr Kuhe. 



100. Berlin.— The famous Zoological Gardens of Berlin were 

 founded in 1844. The wonderful collection of mammals and 

 birds that they now contain is too well known to require more 

 than mention here. The Director is Prof. Ludwig Heck, and 

 Dr. 0. Heinroth is scientific Assistant. 



The Berlin Aquarium is a separate institution. 



101. Breslau. — One of the chief Zoological Gardens of 

 Europe. Founded 1865. Director, Herr F. J. Grabowsky. 



102. Cassel. — No longer existing. I am not aware of the 

 dates when this garden started or was closed. 



103. Cologne. — A large Zoological Garden founded in 1860. 

 The site being involved in the scheme of fortification for the 

 defence of the city, the garden authorities were restricted by 

 military conditions in erecting buildings in various parts of the 

 grounds. Certain of the animal houses had to be so constructed 

 that, if necessary, they could be completely cleared away within 

 a given number of hours so as to afford a clear field of fire for 

 the guns of the fortress. Within the last few years however 

 these regulations have been relaxed. The present Director is 

 Dr. L. Wunderlich. 



The Aquarium of Cologne is not connected with the Zoolo- 

 gical Gardens, but is situated in the neighbouring "Flora" 

 Gardens. 



104. Dresden. — Zoological Garden in the Grosse Garten, 

 founded in 1861. Director, Comm. Eat. Adolf Schoepf. 



105. Dusseldorf. — Zoologischer Garten " Scheidt-Keim- 

 Stiftung." Founded 1874. Dr. Hermann Bolau, Director. As 

 is the case with several of the German Zoological Gardens, a 

 very short annual report is published. 



106. Elberfeld. — A small Zoological Garden, founded in 

 1879. Herr Keusch has been Director since about 1903. 



