222 



THE ZOOLOGIST. 



whose habits are referred to at ii. 152). Bignell (Trans. Devon. 

 Assoc. 1901, p. 688) bred Aphidius rosce from this host through- 

 out the summer. The hyperparasitic species are numerous, and 

 the commonest perhaps is Allotria victrix, Wesm.,t which was 

 first bred from it by Westwood (Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 491 

 et Intro, ii. 132) ; this is probably the Cynips aphidium of Geof- 

 froy (ii. 305, referred to by Haliday), and also Guerin's " black 

 Cynips with a red head and rufous legs," mentioned by Buckton 

 (Mon. ii. 150) ; it has further been bred from this host by 

 Bignell in Devon, Brischke in Prussia, and Giraud from the 

 Aphid of Rosa canina in France (Ann. Soc. France, 1877 (p. 416) ) ; 

 Allotria flaviceps, Kieffer, is doubtless nothing but a new name 

 for it or for some trifling variety. Another common species bred 

 from Siphonophora rosce is Asaphes vulgaris, Walk., which was 

 first bred by Haliday and subsequently in some numbers by 

 Batzeburg (Chrysolampus cenens, Batz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. 185 et 

 iii. 228) ; as well as by Brischke (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1882, 

 p. 182) ; it is common in England. Buckton figures (ii. pi. lxxxvi. 

 fig. 5, 2 ) Cor una (Pachycrepis) clavata, Walk., and says that it 

 spins a cocoon of its ownj between its dead host- Aphid and the 

 leaf, the former being glued to it by its viscous secretions, as had 

 already been pointed out by Haliday ; but Marshall (Trans. Ent. 



f The Rev. T. A. Marshall (Ent. Ana. 1874, p. 119) says: " The species 

 of Allotria are parasitic upon Aphides, in the same manner as the Bra- 

 conids of the genus Aphidius'" (i. e. not hyperparasitic through the latter). 

 De Gaulle also gives the Allotriini as " Parasites de pucerons." But the 

 former later (Bracon d'Europ. i. 44 et ii. £31) recognized them as hyper, 

 parasites ; and Bignell (Trans. Devon. Assoc. 1901, p. 663) claims to have 

 proved the fact by watching them oviposit in already parasitized Aphids, 

 from which he subsequently bred Allotria only. Haliday (Ent. Mag. 1835, 

 p. 99) clearly shows that he considered Cynips aphidum, Geoff., to be hyper- 

 parasitic, and Cynips erythrocephala to be a direct parasite of this species 

 of Aphid ; if this be the case, Buckton's assumption (Mon. Aph. ii. 153) that 

 the former is synonymous with Aphidius varius, Nees, becomes untenable, 

 and Marshall's synonymy with A. rosarum, Nees, equally faulty. Nees saw 

 Mesolata elongata, Walk., oviposit in Aphides already containing larvae of 

 A. varius, according to Buckton (I. c. ii. 155) ; but I do not follow him, since 

 no such genus exists in zoological nomenclature. Marshall shows in his 

 table of hosts (Bracon. d'Europ. i. 42) that the Aphidiince is the only sub- 

 family of the Braconidce parasitic on Hemiptera. 



J Buckton (Mon. ii. 155) says : " I have bred Coryna from the silken 

 tent which it constructs under, and between the legs of, the dried larval 



