310 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



riibl is destroyed by the Proctotrypid, Trichosteresis clandestinus, 

 Nees, and {I. c. 26) that Allotria flavicornis, Htg., preys upon an 

 Aphid on Sarothamnus. The present species often migrates to 

 broom towards the end of July. 



52. Siphonophora urticce, Kalt. 

 Aphidius urticce, Hal., which is at present exclusively British, 

 has been bred from this species by Bignell in Devon on June 7th, 

 1883, together with three of its hyperparasites : — Lygocerus car- 

 penteri, Curt., also bred therefrom by Marshall, Allotria cursor, 

 and the beautiful and very rare Agonio neurits basalis, Westw. 

 One small female of A. lonicerce, Marsh., has also been raised 

 from this host, with the abundant A. ervi, Hal., its hyper- 

 parasite Isocrates ceneus, Nees, and Aphidius avence, with its 

 Cynipid hyperparasite, Allotria cursor, Htg. I can add Aphidius 

 scabiosce, Marsh., to the known parasites of S. urticce, since I 

 bred a single female thence, in my garden at Monks Soham, 

 Suffolk, in August, 1908. 



53. Siphonophora longipennis, Buck. 

 Marshall describes (Bracon. d'Europ. ii. 578) his Aphidius 

 pascuorum from specimens bred by Bignell in Devon on July 

 13th, 1883 ; the latter also raised two species of Allotria, A. ery- 

 throcephala, Htg., and A. victrix, Westw., supposed to be hyper- 

 parasitic on this Aphidius. Bignell says (Trans. Dev. Ass. 1901, 

 p. 664) that he bred two examples of the latter hyperparasite from 

 a single already parasitized Aphid, within which he had pre- 

 viously witnessed the female Allotria oviposit. t 



54. Siphonophora rosarum, Walk. 

 In 1835 Haliday described his Aphidius eglanterice, " Prodiit 

 mini ex Aphidibus Bosae EglanteriaV' adding that the attacked 



opinion this paper will go some distance in refuting), yet allowed that some 

 attacked " several different kinds of Aphis " (Bracon. d'Europ. ii. 527 ; Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 12). 



f The means by which a hyperparasite becomes aware that the host is 

 already tenanted by a direct parasite are very little known, but, in the case of 

 Aphides, Walker considers the fact rendered sufficiently obvious by the desic- 

 cated appearance and altered colour; and Buckton adds (Mon. Aph. ii. 157) 

 that the "form does not apparently alter after the insect has suffered a second 

 attack from a Ceraphron or Asaphes" 



